Chapter 16 - Global Challenges & Anthropology Flashcards
Public policy for managing cultural diversity in a multi-ethnic society, officially stressing mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differences within a country’s borders
multiculturalism
Mobility in geographic space, involving temporary or permanent change in usual place of residence.
migration
The movement of people within their own country, usually from rural to urban areas.
internal migration
The movement of people to another country, either temporarily or permanently.
external migration
Fear or hatred of strangers or anything foreign.
xenophobia
Power that organizes and orchestrates the systematic interaction within and among societies, directing economic and political forces on the one hand and ideological forces that shape public ideas, values, and beliefs on the other.
structural power
Power that coerces others and that is backed up by economic and military force.
hard power
Power that co-opts rather than coerces, pressing others through attraction and persuasion to change their ideas, beliefs, values and behaviors.
soft power
Physical and/or psychological harm (including repression, environmental destruction, poverty, hunger, illness, and premature death) caused by impersonal, exploitative, and unjust social, political, and economic systems.
structural violence
Anthropologists are in a position to develop effective predictions of the future because they:
a) are holistic in perspective
b) are good at seeking how parts fit together into a larger whole
c) are able to see short-term trends in longer-term perspective
d) do all of the above
d) do all of the above
What are the negative consequences of global corporations on the international domestic scenes?
c) Global corporations have become so powerful that they have been able to influence government decisions, so that they benefit the company at the expense of the people.
__________ is violence produced by social, political and economic structures rather than by the unique and personal decisions of individuals.
a) Structural violence
A public policy based on mutual respect and tolerance in a culturally diverse society, or ______________, is designed to curb divisive pressures on the society.
b) multiculturalism
One reason for so much of the increased urbanization in China and many other societies is ___________, or movement of people mostly from rural areas where they can no longer make a living, to cities where large corporations like Wal-mart have established operations.
a) internal migration
Many scholars trace the development of globalization to which two institutions that emerged in the aftermath of WWII?
a) the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund
Switzerland is an example of a society with long-existing policies of _________, in which several ethnic and language groups live harmoniously within a single society.
a) multiculturalism
A tendency toward a global culture is seen in the present day
a) widespread adoption of the practices of Western society
Modern multinational corporations are best described as:
c) frequently ignoring policies of the host government
Which of the following was NOT named in the Haviland textbook as an example of structural violence?
a) overpopulation
b) pollution
c) revolution
d) world hunger
c) revolution
Structural violence differs from other types of violence because:
b) the source of the violence is anonymous and impersonal.
According to the Haviland textbook, overpopulation should be considered:
a) a worldwide problem that prevents solutions to many other major problems.
The Bangladeshi physician in the video illustrates an example of __________, because he moved to the U.S. seeking to make a better life for himself and his family.
c) external migration
Wal-Mart has factories in China because they can find
a) cheap labor there
b) less regulation there
c) no unions there
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
The concept of ______ focuses attention on the interaction between the global forces that direct the world’s changing economies and political institutions.
b) structural power
Propaganda is a kind of ___________ in that it persuades people, rather than forces them, to change their beliefs and behaviors.
c) soft power
Several powerful countries, including the U.S., Russia, Britain and France, exert a form of __________ when they use the threat of military intervention to influence weaker countries for the benefit of their corporate interests.
b) hard power
In 2000, residents of Cochabamba, the third largest city in Bolivia, staged public demonstrations when the Bolivian government tried to privatize the ____________ by handing it over to a subsidiary of the Bechtel Corporation, which is headquartered in the U.S.
b) water supply
The “McDonaldization” of society refers to the homogenization of the world’s different cultures in the age of _______________.
globalization
There are different levels of power within society. On a macro level, it is _______ power, with subsets of ________ power and ________power that are embodied by __________ and the __________.
structural; hard; soft; corporations; media
We don’t need to worry about war as the cause for human destruction, since there are other issues that can undermine and challenge human survival. These are _________________, ______________, ____________ and _________________.
overpopulation;
pollution;
global warming;
nutritional challenges.
