Chapter 16 - Global Challenges & Anthropology

Question 1

Public policy for managing cultural diversity in a multi-ethnic society, officially stressing mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differences within a country’s borders

Answer 1

multiculturalism

Question 2

Mobility in geographic space, involving temporary or permanent change in usual place of residence.

Answer 2

migration

Question 3

The movement of people within their own country, usually from rural to urban areas.

Answer 3

internal migration

Question 4

The movement of people to another country, either temporarily or permanently.

Answer 4

external migration

Question 5

Fear or hatred of strangers or anything foreign.

Answer 5

xenophobia

Question 6

Power that organizes and orchestrates the systematic interaction within and among societies, directing economic and political forces on the one hand and ideological forces that shape public ideas, values, and beliefs on the other.

Answer 6

structural power

Question 7

Power that coerces others and that is backed up by economic and military force.

Answer 7

hard power

Question 8

Power that co-opts rather than coerces, pressing others through attraction and persuasion to change their ideas, beliefs, values and behaviors.

Answer 8

soft power

Question 9

Physical and/or psychological harm (including repression, environmental destruction, poverty, hunger, illness, and premature death) caused by impersonal, exploitative, and unjust social, political, and economic systems.

Answer 9

structural violence

Question 10

Anthropologists are in a position to develop effective predictions of the future because they:

a) are holistic in perspective
b) are good at seeking how parts fit together into a larger whole
c) are able to see short-term trends in longer-term perspective
d) do all of the above

Answer 10

d) do all of the above

Question 11

What are the negative consequences of global corporations on the international domestic scenes?

Answer 11

c) Global corporations have become so powerful that they have been able to influence government decisions, so that they benefit the company at the expense of the people.

Question 12

__________ is violence produced by social, political and economic structures rather than by the unique and personal decisions of individuals.

Answer 12

a) Structural violence

Question 13

A public policy based on mutual respect and tolerance in a culturally diverse society, or ______________, is designed to curb divisive pressures on the society.

Answer 13

b) multiculturalism

Question 14

One reason for so much of the increased urbanization in China and many other societies is ___________, or movement of people mostly from rural areas where they can no longer make a living, to cities where large corporations like Wal-mart have established operations.

Answer 14

a) internal migration

Question 15

Many scholars trace the development of globalization to which two institutions that emerged in the aftermath of WWII?

Answer 15

a) the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund

Question 16

Switzerland is an example of a society with long-existing policies of _________, in which several ethnic and language groups live harmoniously within a single society.

Answer 16

a) multiculturalism

Question 17

A tendency toward a global culture is seen in the present day

Answer 17

a) widespread adoption of the practices of Western society

Question 18

Modern multinational corporations are best described as:

Answer 18

c) frequently ignoring policies of the host government

Question 19

Which of the following was NOT named in the Haviland textbook as an example of structural violence?

a) overpopulation
b) pollution
c) revolution
d) world hunger

Answer 19

c) revolution

Question 20

Structural violence differs from other types of violence because:

Answer 20

b) the source of the violence is anonymous and impersonal.

Question 21

According to the Haviland textbook, overpopulation should be considered:

Answer 21

a) a worldwide problem that prevents solutions to many other major problems.

Question 22

The Bangladeshi physician in the video illustrates an example of __________, because he moved to the U.S. seeking to make a better life for himself and his family.

Answer 22

c) external migration

Question 23

Wal-Mart has factories in China because they can find

a) cheap labor there
b) less regulation there
c) no unions there
d) all of the above

Answer 23

d) all of the above

Question 24

The concept of ______ focuses attention on the interaction between the global forces that direct the world’s changing economies and political institutions.

Answer 24

b) structural power

Question 25

Propaganda is a kind of ___________ in that it persuades people, rather than forces them, to change their beliefs and behaviors.

Answer 25

c) soft power

Question 26

Several powerful countries, including the U.S., Russia, Britain and France, exert a form of __________ when they use the threat of military intervention to influence weaker countries for the benefit of their corporate interests.

Answer 26

b) hard power

Question 27

In 2000, residents of Cochabamba, the third largest city in Bolivia, staged public demonstrations when the Bolivian government tried to privatize the ____________ by handing it over to a subsidiary of the Bechtel Corporation, which is headquartered in the U.S.

Answer 27

b) water supply

Question 28

The “McDonaldization” of society refers to the homogenization of the world’s different cultures in the age of _______________.

Answer 28

globalization

Question 29

There are different levels of power within society. On a macro level, it is _______ power, with subsets of ________ power and ________power that are embodied by __________ and the __________.

Answer 29

structural;
hard;
soft;
corporations;
media

Question 30

We don’t need to worry about war as the cause for human destruction, since there are other issues that can undermine and challenge human survival. These are _________________, ______________, ____________ and _________________.

Answer 30

overpopulation;
pollution;
global warming;
nutritional challenges.