Chapter 5 - Social Identity, Personality & Gender Flashcards
self-awareness
The ability to identify oneself as an individual, to reflect on oneself, and to evaluate oneself.
naming ceremony
A special event or ritual to mark the naming of a child.
personality
The distinctive way a person thinks, feels and behaves.
dependence training
Child rearing practice that fosters compliance in the performance of assigned tasks and dependence on the domestic group, rather than reliance on oneself.
independence training
Child rearing practice that fosters independence, self-reliance, and personal achievement.
modal personality
Those character traits that occur with the highest frequency in a social group and are therefore the most representative of its culture.
core values
Those values especially promoted by a particular culture.
intersexual
A person born with reproductive organs, genitalia and/or sex chromosomes that are not exclusively male or female.
transgenders
People who cross over or occupy an alternative position in the binary male-female gender construction.
culture-bound syndrome
A mental disorder specific to a particular culture group; also known as ethnic psychosis.
The first agents of _________ in all societies are the members of the household into which a person is born.
enculturation
__________ _________ are important devices for self definition in all cultures.
personal names
The physical environment varies in the way it is _______ and _______ by individuals, for the environment is organized culturally and mediated symbolically through ________.
perceived; experienced; language.
Enculturation begins with the development of ________.
self-awareness
The traditional term used in older case studies to refer to a third-gender individual is “berdache;” the currently accepted term is___________.
two-spirits
The anthropologist ______ ______ did the seminal cross-cultural work on personality and gender.
Margaret Mead
Horticultural and pastoral societies are more likely to use ______________ ___________ when raising their children.
dependency training
In the U.S., parents use _____________ for raising their children.
combined dependency/independence training
________________ said that the purpose of anthropology is “to make the world safe for human differences.”
Ruth Benedict
____________________ are thought to have special curing powers and have enjoyed prestige within their communities.
Third gender
An alternative approach to describing the national character of a particular culture is the study of _________, by which anthropologists identify the values and related personality traits especially promoted by a particular culture.
core values
When Heinrich Baumgarten arrived at Ellis Island, the immigration agent didn’t know how to spell his name so he wrote down Henry Baum instead. This is an example of _______.
name loss
After _________ won the 800 meter race at the World Championship in Berlin in 2009, tests revealed that she had internal male sex organs; this incident propelled a transgendered individual into the public spotlight.
Caster Semenya
In order for self-awareness to emerge and function, you need a basic orientation in order to structure the psychological field in which the self acts. Which of the following is NOT a basic orientation for self-awareness?
a) object orientation
b) spatial orientation
c) temporal orientation
d) normative orientation
e) personality orientation
personality orientation
Intersexuality may be unusual but is not uncommon. In fact, more than ______ people are intersexed in some way.
70 million
What is the average percentage of time an infant spends with its mother in a American Household?
20%
Moral values, ideas, and principles are characteristics of what part of the behavioral environment?
normative orientation
An adult with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) since birth has:
XY sex chromosome of a male with an abnormality on the X chromosome
People born with reproductive organs, genitalia and/or sex chromosomes that are NOT exclusively male of female are referred to as:
intersexuals
What orientation is NOT needed for self-awareness to emerge and function?
behavioral motivation
Anthropologically speaking, normality and abnormality are:
behaviors that are defined by each particular culture.
The process by which culture is passed from one generation to the next and through which individuals become members of their society is known as:
enculturation
Transgenders are:
people who cross over or occupy a culturally accepted intermediate position in the binary male-female gender construction.
In the US, it seems that our society is geared toward the focus on competition, popularity, academic achievement, and overall success. Which type of development training fosters these ideas
independence training.
Which of the following is an example of culture bound syndrome?
a) windigo
b) schizophrenia
c) anorexia nervosa
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
all of the above
Which culture-bound syndrome is now no longer tied to a specific culture?
bulimia and anorexia
Moral values, ideas, and principles are solely cultural in their origin and are an essential part of a person’s behavioral environment. Without them, no one would be able to measure their own actions or those of others. This is an example of:
normative orientation
Are we born with a specific personality?
No
At the levels of chromosomes, biological sex is determined according to whether a person’s 23rd chromosomal set is XX or XY. In some cases, however, individuals are born with a genetic mutation that gives biological females only one X chromosome instead of 2. This person usually develops external female genitalia, but has nonfunctional ovaries and is infertile. This syndrome is known as:
Turner syndrome
Why are names significant?
- Names represent a cultural self
- Names are linked to identity politics
- Names reflect assimilation
- Names reflect a tie to ancestral beliefs.
Who defines what is considered normal behavior in a particular society?
each particular society
Why do most cultures think naming children is important?
Without a name, a person has no identity of self.
People who cross over or occupy a culturally accepted intermediate position in the binary male-female gender construction are known as:
transgenders
If your family lived by subsistence farming, which type of child rearing would be most likely?
dependence training
Personal names are important devices for self definition in all cultures. It is through naming that a social group acknowledges a child’s birthright and establishes it’s:
social identity
Which societies recognize third-gender individuals?
- Samoan
- Indian (Asia)
- Tagalog speaking Filipinos
- Native Americans
Studying twins help anthropologists and psychologists understand aspects of the development of an individuals:
personality.
In addition to genetics and environment, what else plays a part in the development of personality and social identity?
sex and gender
Cultures around the world have different perspectives on many things. The way to understand these different views is to take a(n)_________ perspective.
cultural-relativist
What is object orientation?
An awareness of the world of objects other than self.
What is spatial orientation?
the ability to get from one place or object to another.
What is temporal orientation?
the ability to connect past actions with those in the present or future.
What is normative orientation?
an understanding of moral values, ideas, and principals that are purely cultural in origin.
