Chapter 9- Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards
Exam 3
4 Functions of Lymphatic System
1) absorb excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream
2) absorb dietary fats and transport to bloodstream
3) production, maintenencem and distribution of lymphcytes
4) defense against capillaries
Lymphatic capillaries located in small intestine, absorb dietary fats and transport to bloodstream
lacteals
Components of lymphatic system (7)
1) Spleen
2) Tonsils
3) Red bone marrow
4) Thymus
5) Inguinal lymph nodes
6) Thoracic (left) duct
7) Right duct
Component of Lymphatic system, cleanses blood of cell debris and bacteria, resident WBCs respond to antigens
Spleen
Component of Lymphatic system, patches of lymph tissue, helps to prevent entrance of pathogens through the nose and mouth
Tonsils
Component of Lymphatic system, site of origin of all types of blood cells
Red bone marrow
Component of Lymphatic system, lymph tissue where T lymphocytes mature and learn
Thymus
Component of Lymphatic system, cleanse the lymph and alert the immune system to pathogens
Inguinal lymph nodes
larger duct that collects lymph from body below the thorax, left arm, left side of head and neck and empties into the left subclavian vein
Thoracic duct
smaller duct that returns lymph from the right arm and right side of the head and neck and empties into the right subclavian vein
Right duct
carry fluid called lymph, have valves
lymphatic vessels
movement of lymph is largely dependent on
skeletal muscle contractions
Primary lymphatic organs (2)
1) red bone marrow
2) thymus
Secondary lymphatic organs (3)
1) lymph nodes
2) spleen
3) tonsils
site of blood cell production, converts to yellow bone marrow as we age
red bone marrow
where b lymphocytes mature
red bone marrow
what do B lymphocytes do
make antibodies
has two lobes (bilobed)
thymus
located in thoracic cavity above heart
thymus
functions of thymus (2)
1) produce thymosin
2) where T cells move from marrow, and where they mature and learn
hormone that induces maturing of T cells, in thymus
thymosin
What do T lymphocyes do
help B lymphocytes
the lymphatic organ that filters blood, contains macrophages and divided by connective tissue into white and red pulp
Spleen
lymphatic organ, filters air and is located in the pharynx
tonsils
lymphatic organ, filled with mactophages and lymphocytes, and is important for inflammatory responses and adaptive memory, detecting and killing invading microbes
Lymph nodes
important for inflammatory responses and adaptive memory, detecting and killing invading microbes
macrophages
lymphatic organ, concentration of lymphoid tissues without capsule
lymphatic nodules
lymphatic organ, in intestinal walls and known as the “tonsils” of the appendix
Peyer patches
killing or removing foreign substances, pathogens, or cancer cells from the body
Immunity
2 branches of immunity
1) Innate
2) Adaptive
branch of immunity, fully functional without previous exposure to pathogen
Innate
branch of immunity, initiated when exposed to a pathogen (vaccine, get disease, antibodies)
Adapted
First line of defense for keeping pathogens out
skin, tears and saliva, ear wax and mucus, stomach, vagina, resident bacteria, urination, defecation, vomiting
Second line of defense for keeping pathogens out
phagocytic cells, inflammation, natural killer cells, compliment proteins, interferons, fever response, histamine
Immune defense, dilates blood vessels, makes them leaky and causes compliment proteins to release
Histamine
Immune defense, plasma proteins that invade bacteria when activated pokes hole in cell walls of bacteria, inflate and explode them
Compliment proteins
Immune defense, antiviral proteins
Interferons
Immune defense, a type of lmphocyte that attacks tumor cells and virus infected cells
natural killer cells
Immune defense, redness, warmth, swelling, pain
Inflammation
Immune defense, white blood cells that surround and engulf invading bacteria
Phagocytic cells
Types of phagocytic cells (3)
Neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils
any substance that triggers an immune response
antigens
has memory and remembers initial exposure and responds more quickly and aggressively on subsequent exposures
Immune response
Protein made by B lymphocytes that bind with and neutralize specific antigens
Antibodies
directly attack foreign cells
T lymphocyes
a strategy for causing the body to develop immunity to a specific pathogen
immunization
immunization, intentionally exposing person to a form of antigen that doesn’t produce disease (vaccine)
Active
Immunization, administer protective antibodies to a person
Passive
disorder, inability of immune system to distinguish self from non celf cells, body attacks iself
autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune disease, inflamed connective tissue
Lupus
Autoimmune disease, inflamed synovial membrane
Rheumatoid arthritis
