Chapter 7 Flashcards
Exam 3
Circulatory System consists of
Heart, blood vessels, blood
Circulatory system works with these other systems (3)
1) Digestive
2) Urinary
3) Respiratory
Functions of the Circulatory System (5)
1) Pick up nutrients
2) Exchanges gases (CO2 and 02)
3) Carries waste and excess water to the urinary system
4) Carries metabolic waste for removal (poop)
5) Helps with temp regulation
Blood consists of (3)
1) Specialized Cells
2) Cell Fragments
3) Watery solution of ion and molecules
Functions of Blood (3)
1) TRANSPORTATION (nutrients, waste, hormones)
2) REGULATION (body temp, water volume, pH)
3) DEFENSE (against infection and bleeding)
55% of blood
Plasma
consists of electrolytes, proteins, hormones, nutrients, gases, and waste
Plasma
Is blood blue
no
44% of blood is
Red Blood cells
1% of blood is
White blood cells and platelets
Plasma is 90% ____ and 10%____
water, disolved solutes
Proteins in the Plasma (2)
1) Albumins
2) Globulins
plasma protein, maintains osmotic balance with interstitial fluid
Albumins
fluid between cells
Interstitial fluid
plasma proteins, diverse
Globulin
Types of Globulins (3)
1) alpha
2) beta
3) gamma
Type of Globulin, has important transport functions (bind to lipid forming lipoproteins)
Beta Globulin
“Bad” cholesterol
(LDL) Low density lipoprotiens
Type of globulin, contains antibodies that are part of the bodies defenses against infections
Gamma Globulin
Other name for RBCs
Erythrocytes
a protein that transports O2
Hemoglobin
in a hemoglobin molecule, has iron atoms to which O2 binds
heme groups
origin of rbcs
stem cells in bone marrow
How long do RBCs live
120 days
What controls the production of RBCs
erythropoietin hormone (EPO)
O2 carrying capacity is reflected by (2)
hematocrit and hemoglobin
the percent of whole blood that consists of RBCs
hematocrit
Usual measurement of hemaglobin
12-18%, depending on person
Low hematocrit/hemaglobin may indicate
Anemia
High hematocrit/hemaglobin may be in response to
High Elevation
Condition where blood vessels contstrict, causing high pressure in lungs, and fluid leaks into lungs
HAPE (High Altitude Pulmonary Edema)
Air sacs of lungs
Avioli
All blood cells and platelets originate from
Stem Cells
immature RBCs
erythroblasts
erythroblasts transform to _____ in bone marrow then release into blood
erythrocytes
Aged RBCs are removed by____ in the
macrophages, liver and spleen
heme is converted to this and discarded thru poop
bilirubin
buildup of bilirubin in tissues, liver isn’t working properly
jaundice
hormone that regulates RBC production
EPO
homeostasis of blood
hemostasis
Cells in _____ moniter O2 in blood
Kidney
^ EPO = ^
thickness of blood
WBCs aka
Leukocytes
Functions of WBC (2)
1) Protection from infection
2) Regulation of Inflammatory Reaction
Catagories of WBC (2)
1) Granular
2) Agranular
Granular WBC (3)
1) Neutrophils
2) Eosinophils
3) Basophils
Type of Granular WBC, first on the scene to fight infection
Neutrophils
Type of Granular WBC, 60% of WBCs
Neutrophils
Type of Granular WBC, defend against large parasites (worms) and moderate severity of allergic reactions
Eosinophils
Type of Granular WBC, 2-4% of WBCs
Eosinophils
Type of Granular WBC, 0.5% of WBC
Basophils
Type of Granular WBC, contains histamine
Basophils
plays a role in inflammation nd allergic ractions
histamine
Types of AGRANULAR WBCs (2)
1)Monocytes 2)Lympcytes
Type of Agranular WBC, leaves the blood and transform into macrophages
Monocytes
Type of Agranular WBC, important role in immune response
Lymphocytes
Types of Lymphocytes (2)
1) B 2) T
Type of lymphocyte, produces antibodies
B Lymphocytes
Type of lymphocyte, IDs specific virus and bacteria, helps B
T lymphocytes
Arise from division of stem cells in bone marrow
Megakaryotes
Platelets are fragments of
Megakaryotes
3 Stages of clotting
1) vascular spasm
2) platelet plug formation
3) coagulation
Stage of clotting, constriction of blood vessels to reduce blood flow
Vascular Spasm
Stage of clotting, sealing of the ruptured blood vessel
Platelet plug formation
Stage of clotting, blood changes from liquid to gel, includes fibrin threads to trap RBCs and platelets
Coagulation
Bleeding disorder, caused by deficiency of clotting protein(s)
Hemophilia
Non- self protein, foreign to the body
Antigen
A defensive protein made by body, directed against non-self cells (antigens)
Antibody
Blood type is determined by the
Antigen on RBC surface
Antigen found on RBC surface, can affect pregnant people and their fetus
Rh
If fetus is Rh+ and mother is Rh-
Hemolytic disease of newborn rh+ fetus, antibodies will attack the baby
to determine blood type, clumping
agglutination
Epstein Barr virus infection of blood
Mononucleosis
Bacterial infection of blood
Blood poisoning aka “septicemia”
Reduction in blood’s o2 carrying capacity, due to inadequate # of rbc or low hemoglobin
Anemia
Anemia, caused by not absorbing/ consuming enough iron
Iron deficient
Anemia, caused by blood loss
hemmorhagic
Anemia, caused by vitamin B12 deficiency
pernicious
Anemia, caused by destruction of rbc
hemolytic
Anemia, caused by renal failure
inadequate EPO secretion
Anemia, curved rbc, protects from malaria
Sickle cell
Condition caused by uncontrolled production of wbcs
Leukemia
Cell, carries oxygen gas from lungs to the tissues
RBC
Cell, immune functions
WBC
WB Cell, attacks bacteria through phagocytosis
Neutrophil
WB Cell, attacks parasites and can be present in response to allergies
Eosinophil
WB Cell, active in injury sites, prevents clotting and increases inflammation
Basophil
WB Cell, initiates immune response to viruses
Monocytes
WB Cell, involved in attacking viruses and abnormal tissues
Lymphocyte
Cell, initiates clotting process
Platelets
Granular and agranular describe types of
WBC
Hormone that is secreted by the kidneys, stimulates the production of red blood cells when the level of oxygen in the body decreases.
EPO
The percentage of red blood cells compared to blood volume
Hematocri
Dead and injured white blood cells are removed from circulation by the
Spleen
Results of an ABO blood typing indicate agglutination reactions when anti-A and anti-B are added to the blood sample. The blood type of the individual would therefore be
AB