Chapter 7 Flashcards by Caroline Bamford

Circulatory System consists of

Heart, blood vessels, blood

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Circulatory system works with these other systems (3)

1) Digestive
2) Urinary
3) Respiratory

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Functions of the Circulatory System (5)

1) Pick up nutrients
2) Exchanges gases (CO2 and 02)
3) Carries waste and excess water to the urinary system
4) Carries metabolic waste for removal (poop)
5) Helps with temp regulation

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Blood consists of (3)

1) Specialized Cells
2) Cell Fragments
3) Watery solution of ion and molecules

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Functions of Blood (3)

1) TRANSPORTATION (nutrients, waste, hormones)
2) REGULATION (body temp, water volume, pH)
3) DEFENSE (against infection and bleeding)

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55% of blood

Plasma

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consists of electrolytes, proteins, hormones, nutrients, gases, and waste

Plasma

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Is blood blue

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44% of blood is

Red Blood cells

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1% of blood is

White blood cells and platelets

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Plasma is 90% ____ and 10%____

water, disolved solutes

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Proteins in the Plasma (2)

1) Albumins
2) Globulins

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plasma protein, maintains osmotic balance with interstitial fluid

Albumins

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fluid between cells

Interstitial fluid

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plasma proteins, diverse

Globulin

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Types of Globulins (3)

1) alpha
2) beta
3) gamma

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Type of Globulin, has important transport functions (bind to lipid forming lipoproteins)

Beta Globulin

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“Bad” cholesterol

(LDL) Low density lipoprotiens

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Type of globulin, contains antibodies that are part of the bodies defenses against infections

Gamma Globulin

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Other name for RBCs

Erythrocytes

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a protein that transports O2

Hemoglobin

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in a hemoglobin molecule, has iron atoms to which O2 binds

heme groups

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origin of rbcs

stem cells in bone marrow

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How long do RBCs live

120 days

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What controls the production of RBCs

erythropoietin hormone (EPO)

O2 carrying capacity is reflected by (2)

hematocrit and hemoglobin

the percent of whole blood that consists of RBCs

hematocrit

Usual measurement of hemaglobin

12-18%, depending on person

Low hematocrit/hemaglobin may indicate

Anemia

High hematocrit/hemaglobin may be in response to

High Elevation

Condition where blood vessels contstrict, causing high pressure in lungs, and fluid leaks into lungs

HAPE (High Altitude Pulmonary Edema)

Air sacs of lungs

Avioli

All blood cells and platelets originate from

Stem Cells

immature RBCs

erythroblasts

erythroblasts transform to _____ in bone marrow then release into blood

erythrocytes

Aged RBCs are removed by____ in the

macrophages, liver and spleen

heme is converted to this and discarded thru poop

bilirubin

buildup of bilirubin in tissues, liver isn't working properly

jaundice

hormone that regulates RBC production

EPO

homeostasis of blood

hemostasis

Cells in _____ moniter O2 in blood

Kidney

^ EPO = ^

thickness of blood

WBCs aka

Leukocytes

Functions of WBC (2)

1) Protection from infection 2) Regulation of Inflammatory Reaction

Catagories of WBC (2)

1) Granular 2) Agranular

Granular WBC (3)

1) Neutrophils 2) Eosinophils 3) Basophils

Type of Granular WBC, first on the scene to fight infection

Neutrophils

Type of Granular WBC, 60% of WBCs

Neutrophils

Type of Granular WBC, defend against large parasites (worms) and moderate severity of allergic reactions

Eosinophils

Type of Granular WBC, 2-4% of WBCs

Eosinophils

Type of Granular WBC, 0.5% of WBC

Basophils

Type of Granular WBC, contains histamine

Basophils

plays a role in inflammation nd allergic ractions

histamine

Types of AGRANULAR WBCs (2)

1)Monocytes 2)Lympcytes

Type of Agranular WBC, leaves the blood and transform into macrophages

Monocytes

Type of Agranular WBC, important role in immune response

Lymphocytes

Types of Lymphocytes (2)

1) B 2) T

Type of lymphocyte, produces antibodies

B Lymphocytes

Type of lymphocyte, IDs specific virus and bacteria, helps B

T lymphocytes

Arise from division of stem cells in bone marrow

Megakaryotes

Platelets are fragments of

Megakaryotes

3 Stages of clotting

1) vascular spasm 2) platelet plug formation 3) coagulation

Stage of clotting, constriction of blood vessels to reduce blood flow

Vascular Spasm

Stage of clotting, sealing of the ruptured blood vessel

Platelet plug formation

Stage of clotting, blood changes from liquid to gel, includes fibrin threads to trap RBCs and platelets

Coagulation

Bleeding disorder, caused by deficiency of clotting protein(s)

Hemophilia

Non- self protein, foreign to the body

Antigen

A defensive protein made by body, directed against non-self cells (antigens)

Antibody

Blood type is determined by the

Antigen on RBC surface

Antigen found on RBC surface, can affect pregnant people and their fetus

If fetus is Rh+ and mother is Rh-

Hemolytic disease of newborn rh+ fetus, antibodies will attack the baby

to determine blood type, clumping

agglutination

Epstein Barr virus infection of blood

Mononucleosis

Bacterial infection of blood

Blood poisoning aka "septicemia"

Reduction in blood's o2 carrying capacity, due to inadequate # of rbc or low hemoglobin

Anemia

Anemia, caused by not absorbing/ consuming enough iron

Iron deficient

Anemia, caused by blood loss

hemmorhagic

Anemia, caused by vitamin B12 deficiency

pernicious

Anemia, caused by destruction of rbc

hemolytic

Anemia, caused by renal failure

inadequate EPO secretion

Anemia, curved rbc, protects from malaria

Sickle cell

Condition caused by uncontrolled production of wbcs

Leukemia

Cell, carries oxygen gas from lungs to the tissues

RBC

Cell, immune functions

WBC

WB Cell, attacks bacteria through phagocytosis

Neutrophil

WB Cell, attacks parasites and can be present in response to allergies

Eosinophil

WB Cell, active in injury sites, prevents clotting and increases inflammation

Basophil

WB Cell, initiates immune response to viruses

Monocytes

WB Cell, involved in attacking viruses and abnormal tissues

Lymphocyte

Cell, initiates clotting process

Platelets

Granular and agranular describe types of

WBC

Hormone that is secreted by the kidneys, stimulates the production of red blood cells when the level of oxygen in the body decreases.

EPO

The percentage of red blood cells compared to blood volume

Hematocri

Dead and injured white blood cells are removed from circulation by the

Spleen

Results of an ABO blood typing indicate agglutination reactions when anti-A and anti-B are added to the blood sample. The blood type of the individual would therefore be

Chapter 7 Flashcards

Exam 3 (95 cards)