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Human Biology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

Exam 3

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Circulatory System consists of

A

Heart, blood vessels, blood

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2
Q

Circulatory system works with these other systems (3)

A

1) Digestive
2) Urinary
3) Respiratory

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3
Q

Functions of the Circulatory System (5)

A

1) Pick up nutrients
2) Exchanges gases (CO2 and 02)
3) Carries waste and excess water to the urinary system
4) Carries metabolic waste for removal (poop)
5) Helps with temp regulation

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4
Q

Blood consists of (3)

A

1) Specialized Cells
2) Cell Fragments
3) Watery solution of ion and molecules

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5
Q

Functions of Blood (3)

A

1) TRANSPORTATION (nutrients, waste, hormones)
2) REGULATION (body temp, water volume, pH)
3) DEFENSE (against infection and bleeding)

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6
Q

55% of blood

A

Plasma

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7
Q

consists of electrolytes, proteins, hormones, nutrients, gases, and waste

A

Plasma

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8
Q

Is blood blue

A

no

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9
Q

44% of blood is

A

Red Blood cells

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10
Q

1% of blood is

A

White blood cells and platelets

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11
Q

Plasma is 90% ____ and 10%____

A

water, disolved solutes

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12
Q

Proteins in the Plasma (2)

A

1) Albumins
2) Globulins

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13
Q

plasma protein, maintains osmotic balance with interstitial fluid

A

Albumins

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14
Q

fluid between cells

A

Interstitial fluid

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15
Q

plasma proteins, diverse

A

Globulin

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16
Q

Types of Globulins (3)

A

1) alpha
2) beta
3) gamma

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17
Q

Type of Globulin, has important transport functions (bind to lipid forming lipoproteins)

A

Beta Globulin

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18
Q

“Bad” cholesterol

A

(LDL) Low density lipoprotiens

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19
Q

Type of globulin, contains antibodies that are part of the bodies defenses against infections

A

Gamma Globulin

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20
Q

Other name for RBCs

A

Erythrocytes

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21
Q

a protein that transports O2

A

Hemoglobin

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22
Q

in a hemoglobin molecule, has iron atoms to which O2 binds

A

heme groups

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23
Q

origin of rbcs

A

stem cells in bone marrow

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24
Q

How long do RBCs live

A

120 days

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25
Q

What controls the production of RBCs

A

erythropoietin hormone (EPO)

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26
Q

O2 carrying capacity is reflected by (2)

A

hematocrit and hemoglobin

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27
Q

the percent of whole blood that consists of RBCs

A

hematocrit

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28
Q

Usual measurement of hemaglobin

A

12-18%, depending on person

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29
Q

Low hematocrit/hemaglobin may indicate

A

Anemia

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30
Q

High hematocrit/hemaglobin may be in response to

A

High Elevation

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31
Q

Condition where blood vessels contstrict, causing high pressure in lungs, and fluid leaks into lungs

A

HAPE (High Altitude Pulmonary Edema)

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32
Q

Air sacs of lungs

A

Avioli

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33
Q

All blood cells and platelets originate from

A

Stem Cells

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34
Q

immature RBCs

A

erythroblasts

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35
Q

erythroblasts transform to _____ in bone marrow then release into blood

A

erythrocytes

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36
Q

Aged RBCs are removed by____ in the

A

macrophages, liver and spleen

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37
Q

heme is converted to this and discarded thru poop

A

bilirubin

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38
Q

buildup of bilirubin in tissues, liver isn’t working properly

A

jaundice

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39
Q

hormone that regulates RBC production

A

EPO

40
Q

homeostasis of blood

A

hemostasis

41
Q

Cells in _____ moniter O2 in blood

A

Kidney

42
Q

^ EPO = ^

A

thickness of blood

43
Q

WBCs aka

A

Leukocytes

44
Q

Functions of WBC (2)

A

1) Protection from infection
2) Regulation of Inflammatory Reaction

45
Q

Catagories of WBC (2)

A

1) Granular
2) Agranular

46
Q

Granular WBC (3)

A

1) Neutrophils
2) Eosinophils
3) Basophils

47
Q

Type of Granular WBC, first on the scene to fight infection

A

Neutrophils

48
Q

Type of Granular WBC, 60% of WBCs

A

Neutrophils

49
Q

Type of Granular WBC, defend against large parasites (worms) and moderate severity of allergic reactions

A

Eosinophils

50
Q

Type of Granular WBC, 2-4% of WBCs

A

Eosinophils

51
Q

Type of Granular WBC, 0.5% of WBC

A

Basophils

52
Q

Type of Granular WBC, contains histamine

A

Basophils

53
Q

plays a role in inflammation nd allergic ractions

A

histamine

54
Q

Types of AGRANULAR WBCs (2)

A

1)Monocytes 2)Lympcytes

55
Q

Type of Agranular WBC, leaves the blood and transform into macrophages

A

Monocytes

56
Q

Type of Agranular WBC, important role in immune response

A

Lymphocytes

57
Q

Types of Lymphocytes (2)

A

1) B 2) T

58
Q

Type of lymphocyte, produces antibodies

A

B Lymphocytes

59
Q

Type of lymphocyte, IDs specific virus and bacteria, helps B

A

T lymphocytes

60
Q

Arise from division of stem cells in bone marrow

A

Megakaryotes

61
Q

Platelets are fragments of

A

Megakaryotes

62
Q

3 Stages of clotting

A

1) vascular spasm
2) platelet plug formation
3) coagulation

63
Q

Stage of clotting, constriction of blood vessels to reduce blood flow

A

Vascular Spasm

64
Q

Stage of clotting, sealing of the ruptured blood vessel

A

Platelet plug formation

65
Q

Stage of clotting, blood changes from liquid to gel, includes fibrin threads to trap RBCs and platelets

A

Coagulation

66
Q

Bleeding disorder, caused by deficiency of clotting protein(s)

A

Hemophilia

67
Q

Non- self protein, foreign to the body

A

Antigen

68
Q

A defensive protein made by body, directed against non-self cells (antigens)

A

Antibody

69
Q

Blood type is determined by the

A

Antigen on RBC surface

70
Q

Antigen found on RBC surface, can affect pregnant people and their fetus

A

Rh

71
Q

If fetus is Rh+ and mother is Rh-

A

Hemolytic disease of newborn rh+ fetus, antibodies will attack the baby

72
Q

to determine blood type, clumping

A

agglutination

73
Q

Epstein Barr virus infection of blood

A

Mononucleosis

74
Q

Bacterial infection of blood

A

Blood poisoning aka “septicemia”

75
Q

Reduction in blood’s o2 carrying capacity, due to inadequate # of rbc or low hemoglobin

A

Anemia

76
Q

Anemia, caused by not absorbing/ consuming enough iron

A

Iron deficient

77
Q

Anemia, caused by blood loss

A

hemmorhagic

78
Q

Anemia, caused by vitamin B12 deficiency

A

pernicious

79
Q

Anemia, caused by destruction of rbc

A

hemolytic

80
Q

Anemia, caused by renal failure

A

inadequate EPO secretion

81
Q

Anemia, curved rbc, protects from malaria

A

Sickle cell

82
Q

Condition caused by uncontrolled production of wbcs

A

Leukemia

83
Q

Cell, carries oxygen gas from lungs to the tissues

A

RBC

84
Q

Cell, immune functions

A

WBC

85
Q

WB Cell, attacks bacteria through phagocytosis

A

Neutrophil

86
Q

WB Cell, attacks parasites and can be present in response to allergies

A

Eosinophil

87
Q

WB Cell, active in injury sites, prevents clotting and increases inflammation

A

Basophil

88
Q

WB Cell, initiates immune response to viruses

A

Monocytes

89
Q

WB Cell, involved in attacking viruses and abnormal tissues

A

Lymphocyte

90
Q

Cell, initiates clotting process

A

Platelets

91
Q

Granular and agranular describe types of

A

WBC

92
Q

Hormone that is secreted by the kidneys, stimulates the production of red blood cells when the level of oxygen in the body decreases.

A

EPO

93
Q

The percentage of red blood cells compared to blood volume

A

Hematocri

94
Q

Dead and injured white blood cells are removed from circulation by the

A

Spleen

95
Q

Results of an ABO blood typing indicate agglutination reactions when anti-A and anti-B are added to the blood sample. The blood type of the individual would therefore be

A

AB

Human Biology (14 decks)

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