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Human Biology > Chapter 8- Heart and Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Heart and Blood Vessels Flashcards

Exam 3

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1
Q

Blood vessel, carries blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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2
Q

Blood vessel, high pressure and thick walled

A

Artery

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3
Q

Blood vessel, microscopic, exchanges solutes and interstitial fluid w cells

A

Capillaries

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4
Q

Blood vessel, returns blood to the heart

A

Veins

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5
Q

Blood vessel, low pressure and thin walled

A

Veins

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6
Q

Layers of the artery (inner to outer 3)

A

1) endothelium (squamous epithelial)
2) smooth muscle
3) connective tissue

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7
Q

Defect in artery wall, bulge or balloon

A

Aneurism

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8
Q

Aneurism can be surgically repaired with a

A

Stent Grapft

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9
Q

Blood flow from heart to….

A

Heart > Arteries > Arterioles > Capillaries > Venule > Vein > Heart

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10
Q

Muscles that control blood flow from arterioles into capillaries

A

Precapillary Sphincters

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11
Q

Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, increases blood flow to capillaries

A

Vasodilation

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12
Q

Contraction of vascular smooth muscle, decreases blood flow to capillaries (shunt)

A

Vasoconstriction

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13
Q

Where blood exchanges substances with tissues

A

Capillaries

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14
Q

Selective control of what enters/ exits blood vessel

A

Porous

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15
Q

Extensive network of capillaries

A

Capillary beds

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16
Q

Capillary allows in (from cell)

A

fluid, CO2 wastes (to move to lungs and out of body)

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17
Q

Capillary allows out (into cell)

A

fluid, O2, nutrients, raw materials

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18
Q

System that helps maintain blood volume and excess water to circulate

A

Lymphatic System

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19
Q

More stretchy and lumen has larger diameter than artery

A

veins

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20
Q

opening in center of blood vessel

A

lumen

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21
Q

ability to stretch

A

distensibility

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22
Q

Serves as blood volume reservoir (can hold excess blood if needed)

A

veins

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23
Q

Blood Return to Heart (3 Mechanisms)

A

1) Contraction of Skeletal muscles
2) One-way valves, blood flows up and when closed prevent it from falling back down
3) Pressure changes in breathing push blood to the heart

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24
Q

Medium- and large-size vessels maintain a partial state of muscle contraction, resulting in high intravessel pressure.

A

Arteries

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25
Q

This blood vessel transports blood from the heart to the capillaries.

A

Artery

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26
Q

The inner walls are lined with endothelium to create a smooth, low-friction surface.

A

Vein, Artery

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27
Q

This blood vessel permits exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues.

A

Capillary

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28
Q

Skeletal muscle pumps aid blood flow in this blood vessel

A

Vein

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29
Q

This blood vessel transports blood from the capillaries to the heart.

A

Vein

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30
Q

The “lub” of the lub-DUB sounds heard through a stethoscope when listening to the heart is produced by the

A

closing of the two atrioventricular valves.

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31
Q

These structures serve as gates that regulate blood flow from arterioles into capillaries.

A

precapillary sphincters

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32
Q

A cerebral embolism blocks an artery carrying blood to the

A

Brain

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33
Q

Baroreceptors are located in these arteries

A

aorta and carotid

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34
Q

Heart murmurs result from the incomplete closure of heart

A

valves

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35
Q

Which layer of the heart is in contact with the blood

A

endocardium

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36
Q

fibrous sac that surrounds, protects and anchors the heart

A

pericardium

37
Q

blood vessels that deliver oxygen to cardiac muscles

A

coronary arteries

38
Q

open heart surgery, go around blockages to reroute blood flow in artery

A

bypass surgery

39
Q

layers of the heart (3)

A

1) epicardium
2) myocardium
2) endocardium

40
Q

layer of the heart, thin layer of epithelial and connective tissue

A

epicardium

41
Q

layer of the heart, muscle, thick layer of cardiac muscle

A

myocardium

42
Q

layer of the heart, thin later of endothelial tissue, same as lining of blood vessels

A

endocardium

43
Q

contracts when the heart beats

A

myocardium

44
Q

upper chambers of the heart

A

atria

45
Q

lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

46
Q

muscular partition separating right and left sides of the heart

A

septum?

47
Q

4 Valves

A

1 & 2) Atrioventricular (AV) valves
3 & 4) Semilunar valves

48
Q

Right AV valve

A

Tricuspid valve

49
Q

Left AV Valve

A

Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve

50
Q

2 Semilunar valves

A

1)Pulmonary valve
2) Aortic valve

51
Q

2 Circuts of blood flow

A

1) Pulmonary Circut (lungs)
2) Systemic Circut ( rest of body)

52
Q

Circut dealing with O2 intake and CO2 disposal

A

Pulmonary

53
Q

Circut dealing with O2 use and CO2 production

A

Systemic

54
Q

Blood passes through the heart _____ times for every one trip around the body

A

2

55
Q

First trip of blood through heart

A

deoxygenated blood through the right side

56
Q

Second trip of blood through the heart

A

oxygenated blood through the left side of the heart

57
Q

arteries supplying the heart muscle (myocardium)

A

coronary arteries

58
Q

veins collecting blood from myocardium and channel it back to the right atrium

A

coronary veins

59
Q

heart sounds are the result of

A

closing heart valves

60
Q

the lub sound is the closing of ____ during _____

A

AV valves, ventricular systole

61
Q

the dub sounds is the closing of ______ during _______

A

Semilunar valves, ventricular diastole

62
Q

ventricular contraction, forcing blood into the arteries.

A

Ventricular systole

63
Q

caused when blood flow is disrupted, may be sign of defect

A

heart murmur

64
Q

when the blood vessels return blood to the heart in preparation for the next ventricular contraction.

A

Ventricular diastole

65
Q

the force of blood on the wall of the blood vessels

A

blood pressure

66
Q

highest pressure, as blood is ejected

A

systolic pressure

67
Q

normal range of blood pressure

A

lower than 120/80 mmHg

68
Q

lowest pressure, as blood returns to heart

A

diastolic pressure

69
Q

device used to measure blood pressure

A

sphygmomanometer

70
Q

sustained high blood pressure, risk factor for cardiovascular disease

A

hypertension

71
Q

high blood pressures effects on blood vessels and heart

A

vessels become hardened and scarred, heart strain

72
Q

low blood pressure, may cause dizziness or fainting

A

hypotension

73
Q

records the heart’s electrical activity

A

electrocardiogram (EKG)

74
Q

homeostatic regulation of the cardiovascular system center relies on

A

maintaining a constant arterial pressure

75
Q

maintaining a constant arterial pressure achieved by regulating (2)

A

1) cardiac output 2) diameter of arteriols

76
Q

pressure recepters that maintain arterial blood pressure

A

baroreceptors

77
Q

where are baroreceptors located (2)

A

1) Aorta arteries
2) Carteroid arteries

78
Q

If blood pressure to high,

A

1) BP rises, vessels are stretched
2) baroreceptors activated, signals sent at an increased rate
3) signals travel to the cardiovascular center in the brain
4) CV center in the brain sends signals to the heart to lower the heart rate and lower the force of contraction
5) Blood vessels signaled to reduce vascular resistance, increasing blood flow to tissues

79
Q

If BP too high

A

CV center in brain sends signals to heart to lower heart rate and lower force of contraction, blood vessels increase blood flow to tissues

80
Q

If BP too low

A

CV center in brain sends signals to heart to increase heart rate and force of contraction, blood vessels decrease blood flow to tissues

81
Q

1 killer in US

A

Cardiovascular disease

82
Q

condition caused by narrowing of coronary arteries and diminished blood flow to coronary muscles

A

Angina

83
Q

a condition caused by the sudden death of an area of the myocardium (permanent damage to heart tissue)

A

Heart Attack

84
Q

condition caused by weakened heart

A

Heart failure

85
Q

can de detected by enzymes in blood by blood test

A

heart attack

86
Q

condition caused by sudden blockage of blood vessel by material floating in blood stream

A

embolism

87
Q

condition caused by damage to blood vessels in the brain

A

stroke

88
Q

cerebral embolism is blocking blood flow to ____ and can cause ____

A

brain, stroke

89
Q

how long does a heart transplant last

A

15 years

Human Biology (14 decks)

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