Chapter 14- Digestive System

Question 1

4 Accessory Organs

Answer 1

1) Salivary Glands
2) Liver
3) Gallbladder
4) Pancreas

Question 2

Hollow tube

Answer 2

GI Tract

Question 3

Space within a tube

Answer 3

lumen

Question 4

8 Parts of GI Tract

Answer 4

1) mouth
2) pharynx
3) esophagus
4) stomach
5) small intestine
6) large intestine
7) rectum
8) anus

Question 5

Four layers of GI tract walls (inner to outer)

Answer 5

1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) muscularis
4) serosa

Question 6

Layer of GI Tract, innermost, mucous membrane in contact with the lumen

Answer 6

Mucosa

Question 7

Layer of GI Tract, connective tissue containing the blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

Answer 7

Submucosa

Question 8

Layer of GI Tract, two or three layers of smooth muscles, responsible for movement an motility

Answer 8

Muscularis

Question 9

Layer of GI Tract, outermost, protects and anchors digestive tract

Answer 9

Serosa

Question 10

Thick muscular rings that separate some organs

Answer 10

Sphincters

Question 11

5 Processes for digestion

Answer 11

1) Mechanical processing and movement
2) Secretion of fluid, enzymes, hormones, bile, ph, mucous
3) Digestion
4) Absorption
5) Elimination

Question 12

2 Types of motility aid digestion

Answer 12

1) perastalsis
2) segmentation

Question 13

Type of motility aid digestion, propels food foreward

Answer 13

Perastalsis

Question 14

Type of motility aid digestion, mixes food and chops it up

Answer 14

Segmentation

Question 15

Where does motility aid digestion occur

Answer 15

Muscularis layer

Question 16

Composition of saliva (4)

Answer 16

1) mucin
2) salivary amylase
3) bicarbonate
4) lysozyme

Question 17

Component of saliva, antibacterial

Answer 17

lysozyme

Question 18

Component of saliva, maintains ph of 6.5-7.5 for optimal amylase activity

Answer 18

bicarbonate

Question 19

Component of saliva, can help prevent formation of biofilms

Answer 19

Mucin

Question 20

Component of saliva, begins digestion of starch

Answer 20

salivary amylase

Question 21

Which parts deliver food to the stomach (2)

Answer 21

1) Pharynx
2) Esophagus

Question 22

Salivary glands (3)

Answer 22

1) Parotid (cheek jaw)
2) Sublingual (under tongue)
3) Submandibular (lower jaw)

Question 23

Voluntary phase of swallowing

Answer 23

tongue pushes bolus of food into pharynx (throat)

Question 24

Involuntary phase of swallowing

Answer 24

swallowing reflex, trachea closes, esophagus opens

Question 25

Throat, common passageway for air and food

Answer 25

Pharynx

Question 26

Closes airway temporarily so food will not enter the trachea

Answer 26

Epiglottus

Question 27

Food passes through to stomach by way of

Answer 27

peristaltic contractions thru esophagus, and lower esophageal sphincter

Question 28

Functions of stomach (3)

Answer 28

1) food storage 2) digestion of proteins 3) regulates delivery of partially digested food into small intestine

Question 29

In stomach, breaks down proteins

Answer 29

Gastric Juice

Question 30

Gastric juice is made up of (4)

Answer 30

1) hydrochloric acid 2) Intrinsic factor 3) Mucus 4) Pepsinogen

Question 31

Part of Gastric Juice, pH of 2, breaks down large bits of food

Answer 31

Hydrochloric acid

Question 32

Part of Gastric Juice, needed to absorb vitamin b12

Answer 32

Intrinsic factor

Question 33

Part of Gastric Juice, protects stomach lining from acid

Answer 33

Mucus

Question 34

If mucus is damaged, can cause

Answer 34

peptic ulcur

Question 35

Part of Gastric Juice, converted to pepsin by acid, begins protein breakdown

Answer 35

pepsinogen

Question 36

watery mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice that is delivered to the small intesting

Answer 36

chyme

Question 37

sphincter between esophagus and stomach

Answer 37

esophagael sphincter

Question 38

sphincter between stomach and small intestine

Answer 38

pyloric sphincter

Question 39

how long does it take for stomach to empty

Answer 39

2-6 hrs

Question 40

does stomach absorb nutrients

Answer 40

no, but alchohola and aspirin are

Question 41

Organ that digests food and absorbs nutrients and water

Answer 41

Small intestine

Question 42

Digestion in the small intestine (3)

Answer 42

1) nutralizes acid from stomach 2) breaks down protreins carbs and lipids into monomers 3) adds digestive enzymes and bile

Question 43

Regions of absorption in the small intestine (3)

Answer 43

1) duodenum 2) jejunum 3) ileum

Question 44

in small intestine, increase surface area to facilitate absorption

Answer 44

mucosa adaptations

Question 45

in small intestine, microscopic projections containing blood and lacteal capillaries

Answer 45

villi

Question 46

in small intestine, cytoplasmic projections of epithelial cells of villi

Answer 46

microvilli

Question 47

in small intestine, region of absorption that the most digestion occurs in

Answer 47

duodenum

Question 48

Organ that has exocrine functions, secretes digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate to neutralize somach acid

Answer 48

pancreas

Question 49

Digestive enzymes of pancreas (3)

Answer 49

1) proteases 2) pancreatic amylase 3) Lipase

Question 50

Digestive enzyme of pancreas, digests starch

Answer 50

pancreatic amylase

Question 51

Digestive enzyme of pancreas, digests protein

Answer 51

proteases

Question 52

Proteases (3)

Answer 52

1) trypsin 2) chymotrypsin 3) carboxypeptidase

Question 53

Digestive enzyme of pancreas, digests fats (lipids)

Answer 53

lipase

Question 54

Organ that produces bile

Answer 54

Liver

Question 55

Organ that concentrates and stores bile

Answer 55

Galbladder

Question 56

Functions of the liver

Answer 56

metabolic: storage, synthesis, chemical processsing

Question 57

drains blood from the digestive tract to the liver

Answer 57

Hepatic portal system

Question 58

organ that absorbs nutrients and water and eliminates waste

Answer 58

large intestine

Question 59

parts of large intestine

Answer 59

cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, a nus

Question 60

regulation of digestion depends on

Answer 60

volume and content of food

Question 61

stretch receptors in stomach, increase paristealsis and secretion of gastric juice

Answer 61

nervous system

Question 62

Hormones (3)

Answer 62

1) Gastrin 2) Secretin 3) CCK

Question 63

Hormone released by stomach, causes release of gastric juice

Answer 63

Gastrin

Question 64

Hormone triggered by stretching of stomach and presence of protein

Answer 64

Gastrin

Question 65

Hormone released by duodenum, stimulates pancreas to secrete water and bicarbonate

Answer 65

Secretin

Question 66

Hormone released by duodenum, signals pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes and gallbladder to release bile

Answer 66

CCK

Question 67

Hormone that responds to filling stomach

Answer 67

gastrin

Question 68

Hormone that responds to acid

Answer 68

secretin

Question 69

Hormone triggered by presence of acid in chyme

Answer 69

secretin

Question 70

Hormone triggered by fat and protein in chyme

Answer 70

CCK (choleccytstokinin)