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Human Biology > Chapter 4- Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Part 2 Flashcards

Organs and Organ Systems/ Anatomical Terms/ Integumentary System/ Temp Regulation

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1
Q

contain 2+ tissues joined together to perform specific funcitons

A

Organ

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2
Q

group of organs that perform a common function

A

Organ Systems

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3
Q

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Digestive, Circulatoru, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Urinary, Reproductive

A

The 11 Organ systems that make up the human body

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4
Q

Lined by tissue membranes

A

Serous membranes

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5
Q

Posterior Cavity is located in the ___ of the body

A

Back

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5
Q

Anterior cavity is made up of (2)

A

Thoracic and Abdominal Cavities

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5
Q

Serous membranes line

A

body cavities

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5
Q

Thoracic cavity includes (2)

A

2 Pleural Cavities and 1 Pericardial Cavity

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5
Q

Anterior Cavity is located in the ___ of the body

A

Front

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5
Q

The Pericardial Cavity contains the ___ and is part of ____ cavity

A

Heart, anterior

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5
Q

The Pleural Cavities contain the___ and is part of ____ cavity

A

Lungs, anterior

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5
Q

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

Diaphragm

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5
Q

Posterior Cavity includes (2)

A

Cranial Cavity and SPinal Cavity

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5
Q

Cranial Cavity contains ___ and is part of ___ cavity

A

brain, posterior

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6
Q

Spinal cavity contains ___ and is part of ___ cavity

A

spine, posterior

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6
Q

The three body planes

A

1) Frontal
2) Midsaggital
3) Transverse

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6
Q

Divides body into front (anterior) and back (posterior)

A

Frontal

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6
Q

Divides body into left and right sides

A

Midsaggital

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6
Q

Divides body into top and bottom

A

Transverse

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7
Q

At or near the front

A

Anterior

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8
Q

At or near the back

A

Posterior

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9
Q

Nearer to the body trunk

A

Proximal

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10
Q

Further away from the body trunk

A

Distal

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11
Q

Situated above/ directed upwards

A

Superior

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12
Q

Situated below/ directed downwards

A

Inferior

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13
Q

Organ system that includes skin, hair, nails, and glands

A

Integumentary System

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14
Q

Protects and regulates are functions of the

A

Integumentary system

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15
Q

The outer layer of the skin

A

Epidermis

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16
Q

The layer underneath the epidermis

A

Dermis

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17
Q

The epidermis is made up of _____ epithelial cells

A

Stratified Squamous

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18
Q

Blood vessels are located in the____

A

Dermis

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19
Q

The dermis is primarily made up of ____

A

Dense connective tissue

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20
Q

Fibers, fibroblasts, mast cells, fat cells, and white blood cells are found in the

A

Dermis

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21
Q

Hair, smooth muscles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and sensory nerve endings are…

A

Accessory structures of the Dermis

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22
Q

Found in the dermis, attached to the hair follicle and raises hair to an upright position (when scared)

A

Smooth Muscle

23
Q

Found in the dermis, these detect heat, cold, touch, deep pressure, and vibration (thereby protecting us)

A

Sensory Nerve Endings

24
Q

Found in the dermis, creates sebum, moistens/softens skin

A

Sebaceous (oil) glands

25
Q

Maintenance of relative consistency of the conditions of the internal environment

A

Homeostasis

26
Q

System used to maintain homeostasis, where deviations from normal are detected and counteracted

A

Negative Feedback Control System

27
Q

Components of Negative Feedback Control System (4)

A

1) Control Variable
2) Sensor (receptor)
3) Control Center
4) Effector

28
Q

Any physical/chemical property that may vary and must be controlled to maintain homeostasis

A

Control Variable

29
Q

Monitors current value for control variable and sends information to the control center

A

Sensor (receptor)

30
Q

Receives input from the sensor, compares the value to the set point, signals effectors if necessary

A

Control Center

31
Q

Takes action to correct the imbalance, based on information from the control center

A

Effector

32
Q

For skin homeostasis, the is

A

Body Temperature

33
Q

For skin homeostasis, the sensors are

A

Temperature sensors in the skin and internal organs

34
Q

For skin homeostasis, the control center is

A

The hypothalamus (in brain)

35
Q

For skin homeostasis, the Effectors are (3)

A

Blood vessels, sweat glands, skeletal muscles (adjust to get back to the set point)

36
Q

When Body Temp is too high, blood vessels

A

Dilate
(allows more sweat to release and cool us)

37
Q

When Body Temp is too low, blood vessels

A

Constrict
(keeps blood closer to the organs near trunk, can survive without extremities)

38
Q

When Body Temp is too low, skelatal muscles

A

Contract (to generate heat)

39
Q

When Body Temp is too high, sweat glands

A

Release sweat

40
Q

Rickets

A
41
Q

Cells with no nucleus

A

Anucleated (red blood cells)

42
Q

Has a striped appearance under the microscope

A

Striated

43
Q

2 Cell types in the Epidermis

A

1) Keratinocytes
2) Melanocytes

44
Q

Cell that provides a tough waterproof protein

A

Keratinocytes (keratin)

45
Q

Cell that provides a dark pigment

A

Melanocytes (melanin)

46
Q

Protect against UV damage by making a cap over the cell nucleus

A

Melanocytes

47
Q

Protects folate

A

Melanocytes

48
Q

If you don’t get enough vitamin D, your bones will be soft and you could develop this condition

A

Rickets

49
Q

Vitamin required for proper fetal development

A

Folate

50
Q

Skin color homeostasis includes a balance of

A

Vitamin D and UV protection

51
Q

System that amplifies events, a change in the control variable causes a series of events that amplifies the origional change

A

Positive feedback system

52
Q

An exanple of a postitve feedback system

A

Childbirth - contractions and oxytocin

53
Q

(T or F) A positive feedback system is a mechanism for maintaining homeostasis

A

False

54
Q

The skin provides a waterproof barrier surrounding the body because of the presence of ____
, a protein in the epidermal cells.

A

Keratin

55
Q

Body temperature is controlled by a negative feedback control system. The _____
is the control center for this system.

A

hypothalamus

56
Q

Body temperature is controlled by a

A

Negative feedback control system.

57
Q

Which one of the following is found in the dermis?
a.sweat gland
b.skeletal muscle
c. cardiac muscle
d.melanocytes

A

A

58
Q

When do human bodies use a positive feedback system?

A

during labor

59
Q

The presence of a suntan is due to the increased activity of
_______ in response to increased levels of ultraviolet radiation.

A

melanin/melanocytes

60
Q

Each of these organ systems is involved in the homeostatic regulation of body temperature EXCEPT which one?
Select one:
a.muscular system
b.skeletal system
c.circulatory system
d.nervous system
e. integumentary system

A

B

61
Q

The net diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is known as

A

Osmosis

62
Q

If you were in a bike accident that resulted in bleeding, explain why the injury must be deeper than the epidermis.

A

The blood vessels are located in the dermis, which is underneath the epidermis, and therefore to reach them the injury must be deeper.

63
Q

Please explain why it is possible for the indigenous people of the Arctic region to have darker skin despite having access to less UV light than people living at the equator.

A

They eat a lot of fish. If a group of people consume a lot of vitamin D, over generations, they do not have to have as light of skin to let the vitamin D in, so they will have darker skin even though they get less sunlight.

64
Q

The tissue lining the mouth, organs of the digestive system, and inner surfaces of the body cavities is classified as

A

Epithelial

65
Q

All of the following are types of connective tissue EXCEPT which one?

a.bone
b.adipose
c.muscle
d.cartilage
e.blood

A

C

66
Q

In which one of the following locations would one expect to find cartilage?

a.between the vertebrae
b.between the skin and underlying muscles
c.in adipose tissue
d. in a tendon

A

A

67
Q

Connects muscle to bone

A

Tendon

68
Q

Connects bone to bone

A

Ligament

69
Q

Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells:

A

Neuron cells and Glial Cels

70
Q

a plane that divides the body into right and left sections

A

Midsaggital

71
Q

a plant that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

A

Frontal

72
Q

a plane that divides the body into top and bottom halves

A

Transverse

73
Q
A

Human Biology (14 decks)

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