Chapter 4- Part 2 Flashcards
Organs and Organ Systems/ Anatomical Terms/ Integumentary System/ Temp Regulation
contain 2+ tissues joined together to perform specific funcitons
Organ
group of organs that perform a common function
Organ Systems
Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Digestive, Circulatoru, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Urinary, Reproductive
The 11 Organ systems that make up the human body
Lined by tissue membranes
Serous membranes
Posterior Cavity is located in the ___ of the body
Back
Anterior cavity is made up of (2)
Thoracic and Abdominal Cavities
Serous membranes line
body cavities
Thoracic cavity includes (2)
2 Pleural Cavities and 1 Pericardial Cavity
Anterior Cavity is located in the ___ of the body
Front
The Pericardial Cavity contains the ___ and is part of ____ cavity
Heart, anterior
The Pleural Cavities contain the___ and is part of ____ cavity
Lungs, anterior
What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Diaphragm
Posterior Cavity includes (2)
Cranial Cavity and SPinal Cavity
Cranial Cavity contains ___ and is part of ___ cavity
brain, posterior
Spinal cavity contains ___ and is part of ___ cavity
spine, posterior
The three body planes
1) Frontal
2) Midsaggital
3) Transverse
Divides body into front (anterior) and back (posterior)
Frontal
Divides body into left and right sides
Midsaggital
Divides body into top and bottom
Transverse
At or near the front
Anterior
At or near the back
Posterior
Nearer to the body trunk
Proximal
Further away from the body trunk
Distal
Situated above/ directed upwards
Superior
Situated below/ directed downwards
Inferior
Organ system that includes skin, hair, nails, and glands
Integumentary System
Protects and regulates are functions of the
Integumentary system
The outer layer of the skin
Epidermis
The layer underneath the epidermis
Dermis
The epidermis is made up of _____ epithelial cells
Stratified Squamous
Blood vessels are located in the____
Dermis
The dermis is primarily made up of ____
Dense connective tissue
Fibers, fibroblasts, mast cells, fat cells, and white blood cells are found in the
Dermis
Hair, smooth muscles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and sensory nerve endings are…
Accessory structures of the Dermis
Found in the dermis, attached to the hair follicle and raises hair to an upright position (when scared)
Smooth Muscle
Found in the dermis, these detect heat, cold, touch, deep pressure, and vibration (thereby protecting us)
Sensory Nerve Endings
Found in the dermis, creates sebum, moistens/softens skin
Sebaceous (oil) glands
Maintenance of relative consistency of the conditions of the internal environment
Homeostasis
System used to maintain homeostasis, where deviations from normal are detected and counteracted
Negative Feedback Control System
Components of Negative Feedback Control System (4)
1) Control Variable
2) Sensor (receptor)
3) Control Center
4) Effector
Any physical/chemical property that may vary and must be controlled to maintain homeostasis
Control Variable
Monitors current value for control variable and sends information to the control center
Sensor (receptor)
Receives input from the sensor, compares the value to the set point, signals effectors if necessary
Control Center
Takes action to correct the imbalance, based on information from the control center
Effector
For skin homeostasis, the is
Body Temperature
For skin homeostasis, the sensors are
Temperature sensors in the skin and internal organs
For skin homeostasis, the control center is
The hypothalamus (in brain)
For skin homeostasis, the Effectors are (3)
Blood vessels, sweat glands, skeletal muscles (adjust to get back to the set point)
When Body Temp is too high, blood vessels
Dilate
(allows more sweat to release and cool us)
When Body Temp is too low, blood vessels
Constrict
(keeps blood closer to the organs near trunk, can survive without extremities)
When Body Temp is too low, skelatal muscles
Contract (to generate heat)
When Body Temp is too high, sweat glands
Release sweat
Rickets
Cells with no nucleus
Anucleated (red blood cells)
Has a striped appearance under the microscope
Striated
2 Cell types in the Epidermis
1) Keratinocytes
2) Melanocytes
Cell that provides a tough waterproof protein
Keratinocytes (keratin)
Cell that provides a dark pigment
Melanocytes (melanin)
Protect against UV damage by making a cap over the cell nucleus
Melanocytes
Protects folate
Melanocytes
If you don’t get enough vitamin D, your bones will be soft and you could develop this condition
Rickets
Vitamin required for proper fetal development
Folate
Skin color homeostasis includes a balance of
Vitamin D and UV protection
System that amplifies events, a change in the control variable causes a series of events that amplifies the origional change
Positive feedback system
An exanple of a postitve feedback system
Childbirth - contractions and oxytocin
(T or F) A positive feedback system is a mechanism for maintaining homeostasis
False
The skin provides a waterproof barrier surrounding the body because of the presence of ____
, a protein in the epidermal cells.
Keratin
Body temperature is controlled by a negative feedback control system. The _____
is the control center for this system.
hypothalamus
Body temperature is controlled by a
Negative feedback control system.
Which one of the following is found in the dermis?
a.sweat gland
b.skeletal muscle
c. cardiac muscle
d.melanocytes
A
When do human bodies use a positive feedback system?
during labor
The presence of a suntan is due to the increased activity of
_______ in response to increased levels of ultraviolet radiation.
melanin/melanocytes
Each of these organ systems is involved in the homeostatic regulation of body temperature EXCEPT which one?
Select one:
a.muscular system
b.skeletal system
c.circulatory system
d.nervous system
e. integumentary system
B
The net diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is known as
Osmosis
If you were in a bike accident that resulted in bleeding, explain why the injury must be deeper than the epidermis.
The blood vessels are located in the dermis, which is underneath the epidermis, and therefore to reach them the injury must be deeper.
Please explain why it is possible for the indigenous people of the Arctic region to have darker skin despite having access to less UV light than people living at the equator.
They eat a lot of fish. If a group of people consume a lot of vitamin D, over generations, they do not have to have as light of skin to let the vitamin D in, so they will have darker skin even though they get less sunlight.
The tissue lining the mouth, organs of the digestive system, and inner surfaces of the body cavities is classified as
Epithelial
All of the following are types of connective tissue EXCEPT which one?
a.bone
b.adipose
c.muscle
d.cartilage
e.blood
C
In which one of the following locations would one expect to find cartilage?
a.between the vertebrae
b.between the skin and underlying muscles
c.in adipose tissue
d. in a tendon
A
Connects muscle to bone
Tendon
Connects bone to bone
Ligament
Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells:
Neuron cells and Glial Cels
a plane that divides the body into right and left sections
Midsaggital
a plant that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Frontal
a plane that divides the body into top and bottom halves
Transverse
