Chapter 9 (Language) Flashcards

1
Q

The different sounds of a language

A

phonemes

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2
Q

The study of different sounds in a language

A

phonology

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3
Q

Putting sounds together in a coherent way, identifying the meaning units of a language

A

morphology

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4
Q

smallest meaning units of language

A

morphemes

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5
Q

arrangement of words within sentences, structure of sentences

A

syntax

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6
Q

the study of meaning of language

A

semantics

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7
Q

give and take between participants in language

A

pragmatics

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8
Q

the set of rules for a language

A

grammar

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9
Q

refers to the underlying linguistic knowledge that lets people produce and comprehend language

A

linguistic competence

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10
Q

reflects linguistic competence only under completely ideal conditions

A

linguistic performance

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11
Q

the study of speech sounds and how they are produced

A

phonetics

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12
Q

the study of speech sounds and how they are produced

A

phonetics

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13
Q

taking a certain part of a sentence and moving it to the front

A

preposing

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14
Q

describes the way in which certain symbols can be rewritten as other symbols

A

rewrite rules

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15
Q

theories of meaning

A

anomaly, self-contradiction, ambiguity, synonymy, entailment

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16
Q

the speaker asserts her or his belief in some proposition, ex: “It’s hot in here”

A

assertives

17
Q

are instructions from the speaker to the listener, ex: “Close the door”

A

directives

18
Q

utterances that commit the speaker to some later action, ex: “I promise to clean my room”

A

commissives

19
Q

describe psychological states of the speaker, ex: “I apologize for eating the last piece of pie”

A

expressives

20
Q

speech acts in which the utterance is itself the action, ex: “You’re fired”

A

declarations

21
Q

the effect when listeners restore missing phonemes predicted by other linguistic information during the course of perception

A

phoneme restoration effect

22
Q

when observers are faster and more accurate in making a lexical decision when a target word is preceded by another word that is associated in meaning

A

semantic priming effect

23
Q

lead the listener or reader down one interpretation until the middle or end of processing, they realize the interpretation is incorrect and the sentence needs to be reprocessed

A

garden path sentences

24
Q

when words have two meanings

A

lexical ambiguity

25
series of fixations and jumps
saccades
26
when readers encounter a new words and try to interpret it and assign it a role
immediacy assumption
27
interpretation of each word occurs during the time it is fixated
eye-mind hypothesis
28
the number of basic ideas conveyed
propositional complexity
29
Gricean maxims of cooperative conversation
quantity, quality, relation, manner
30
states that language both directs and constraints thought and perception
Whorfian hypothesis of linguistic relativity
31
language disorder
aphasia
32
Damage to frontal areas, distorted speech, difficulty comprehending reversed sentences
expressive aphasia (Brocha's aphasia)
33
fluent speech without content, damage to the temporal lobes and left hemisphere, cannot comprehend and execute simple commands
receptive aphasia (Wernicke's aphasia)
34
specialization between the two hemispheres
lateralization
35
difficulties in naming objects
anomia
36
visual language impairments
alexia
37
the inability to write
agraphia
38
one can write, but cannot read what they write
alexia without agraphia