Chapter 2 (Brain) Flashcards
organizes brain structures in the order of which they have thought to have evolved
phylogenetic division
three structures of the hindbrain
medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum
transmits information from the spinal cord to the brain, regulates life support functions
medulla
acts as a neural relay centre
pons
coordinate muscular activity, balance, general motor behaviour
cerebellum
involved in relaying information between other brain regions
midbrain
structures of the forebrain
thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocamus, amygdala
switiching station for sensory information
thalamus
critical structure for memory, learning, and emotion
hippocampus
involved in memory, emotion, agression
amygdala
regulate basic biological functions such as eating, drinking, temperature control
hypothalamus
carries information between the cortex and the thalamus or different parts of the cortex
cerebal cortex
four lobes of the cerebral cortex
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal (clockwise)
connects the left and right hemispheres (front, parietal, occipital)
corpus calosum
connects the left and right hemispheres (temporal)
anterior commisure
located in the parietal lobe
somatosensory cortex
involved in the processing of sensory information from the body
somatosensory cortex
process visual information
occipital lobe
process auditory information, faces
temporal lobes
contain the motor cortex, premotor cortex
frontal lobes
directs fine motor movement
motor cortex
planning fine motor movement
premotor cortex
executive functioning - planning, making decisions, implementing strategies, inhibtion, using working memory
prefrontal cortex
theory that different mental abilities were independent and autonomous functions, carried out in different parts of the brain
faculty of psychology
psychological strengths and weaknesses could be precisely correlated to the relative sizes of different brain areas
phrenology
disruption of expressive language
aphasia
unable to produce words or speak fluently
Broca’s aphasia (left side)
are able to produce speech, however it makes no sense
Wernicke’s aphasia (right side)
created maps of the sensory and motor cortices of the brain
Wilder Penfield
the two cerebral hemispheres seem to play different roles
lateralization
a technique in which a highly focuses beam of X-rays is passed through the body from many different angles
CAT-scan
used to detect different states of consciousness
EEG
measures an area of the brains response to specific events
ERP
involves injecting a radioactive labelled compound which can be detected, measure blood flow to different regions of the brain
PET
Uses magnetism and requires no exposure to radiation
MRI
relies on the fact that blood has magnetic properties, uses BOLD function
fMRI
the relative amount of activation in a particular brain region needed for a given cognitive task can be measured by subtracting a control state from a task state
subtractive technique
yields structural information
CAT, MRI
yields dynamic information
PET, fMRI
measure electrical activity
EEG, ERP
