Chapter 2 (Brain) Flashcards

1
Q

organizes brain structures in the order of which they have thought to have evolved

A

phylogenetic division

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2
Q

three structures of the hindbrain

A

medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum

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3
Q

transmits information from the spinal cord to the brain, regulates life support functions

A

medulla

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4
Q

acts as a neural relay centre

A

pons

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5
Q

coordinate muscular activity, balance, general motor behaviour

A

cerebellum

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6
Q

involved in relaying information between other brain regions

A

midbrain

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7
Q

structures of the forebrain

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocamus, amygdala

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8
Q

switiching station for sensory information

A

thalamus

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9
Q

critical structure for memory, learning, and emotion

A

hippocampus

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10
Q

involved in memory, emotion, agression

A

amygdala

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11
Q

regulate basic biological functions such as eating, drinking, temperature control

A

hypothalamus

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12
Q

carries information between the cortex and the thalamus or different parts of the cortex

A

cerebal cortex

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13
Q

four lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal (clockwise)

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14
Q

connects the left and right hemispheres (front, parietal, occipital)

A

corpus calosum

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15
Q

connects the left and right hemispheres (temporal)

A

anterior commisure

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16
Q

located in the parietal lobe

A

somatosensory cortex

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17
Q

involved in the processing of sensory information from the body

A

somatosensory cortex

18
Q

process visual information

A

occipital lobe

19
Q

process auditory information, faces

A

temporal lobes

20
Q

contain the motor cortex, premotor cortex

A

frontal lobes

21
Q

directs fine motor movement

A

motor cortex

21
Q

planning fine motor movement

A

premotor cortex

22
Q

executive functioning - planning, making decisions, implementing strategies, inhibtion, using working memory

A

prefrontal cortex

23
Q

theory that different mental abilities were independent and autonomous functions, carried out in different parts of the brain

A

faculty of psychology

24
psychological strengths and weaknesses could be precisely correlated to the relative sizes of different brain areas
phrenology
25
disruption of expressive language
aphasia
26
unable to produce words or speak fluently
Broca's aphasia (left side)
27
are able to produce speech, however it makes no sense
Wernicke's aphasia (right side)
28
created maps of the sensory and motor cortices of the brain
Wilder Penfield
29
the two cerebral hemispheres seem to play different roles
lateralization
30
a technique in which a highly focuses beam of X-rays is passed through the body from many different angles
CAT-scan
31
used to detect different states of consciousness
EEG
32
measures an area of the brains response to specific events
ERP
33
involves injecting a radioactive labelled compound which can be detected, measure blood flow to different regions of the brain
PET
34
Uses magnetism and requires no exposure to radiation
MRI
35
relies on the fact that blood has magnetic properties, uses BOLD function
fMRI
36
the relative amount of activation in a particular brain region needed for a given cognitive task can be measured by subtracting a control state from a task state
subtractive technique
37
yields structural information
CAT, MRI
38
yields dynamic information
PET, fMRI
39
measure electrical activity
EEG, ERP