Chapter 9: Joints Flashcards
4 Major Joint Categories
Bony
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Bony Joint (Synostosis)
immovable joint formed when gap between 2 bones ossifies, becomes single bone
Fibrous Joint
adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers, emerging from one bone going into another
Cartilaginous Joint
two bones linked by cartilage
sutures
immovable/ slightly movable fibrous joint that binds bones of skull to each other
Gomphosis
attachment of tooth in its socket
Syndesmosis
bound by longer collagenous fibers giving the bones more mobility
Symphysis
two bones joined by fibrocartilage
Synchrondrosis
bound by hyaline cartilage
Characteristics of Synovial Joints
Freely Moving
Most Complex
Most likely to develop painful disfunction
Articular Cartilage
hyaline cartilage that covers facing surfaces of two bones
Joint cavity
separates articular surfaces
synovial fluid
slippery lubricant in joint cavity
Joint capsule
connective tissue that encloses the cavity and retains the fluid
Accessory Structures
Tendon
Ligament
Bursa
Tendon Sheaths
Tendon
collagenous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Ligaments
similar tissue that attaches one bone to another
Bursa
sacs filled with synovial fluid between muscle, tendon passes over bone or between bone and skin
cushion muscle
Tendon Sheath
enlongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon
Meniscus
in knee, two cartilage extend inward from left and right but do not fully close
Articular Disc
forms pad between articulating bones that crosses entire joint
First-class lever
fulcrum between effort and resistance
seesaw
Second-class lever
resistance between fulcrum and effort
wheelbarrel
Third-class lever
effort between resistance and fulcrum
rowing boat
most joint in body
Ball-and-socket-joint
smooth, head fits into cuplike sockets
ex: shoulder joint, Hip joint
only multiaxial joint
Condylar Joint
oval convex on one bones fits into complementary-shaped depression on the other
Radoiocarpal Joint (wrist) Metacarpophalangeal Joint (bases of fingers)
Biaxial Joint
Saddle Joint
concave in once direction and convex in the other
Trapexiometacarpal (base of thumb) Sternoclavicular Joint (clavicle)
Plane Joint
flat articular suface that bones slide over each other with relatively limited movement
Biaxial
Hinge Joint
one bone w/ convex surface fits into a concave depression in another bone
ex: elbow, knee, fingers and toes
Monoaxial
Pivot Joint
one bone has projection held in place by ringlike liga ment
monoaxial
