Chapter 7: Bone Tissue

Question 1

Functions of the Skeleton

Answer 1

Support 
Protection
Acid/base balance
Movement 
Electrolyte balance 
Blood Formation

Question 2

Flat Bone

Answer 2

thin curved plates

ex: cranial bones, shoulder blades, sternum

Question 3

Long Bones

Answer 3

Important in Movement

Bones of the limbs

Question 4

Short Bones

Answer 4

same width and length

ex: wrist and ankles, patella

Question 5

Irregular Bones

Answer 5

anything else

ex: vertebrae

Question 6

Compact Bone

Answer 6

Covers entire bone

Question 7

Marrow Cavity

Answer 7

contains bone marrow

Question 8

Spongy Bone

Answer 8

ends of bone

Question 9

Diaphysis

Answer 9

shaft

Question 10

Epiphysis

Answer 10

head

Question 11

Articular Cartilage

Answer 11

layer of hyaline cartilage

on joint surface

Question 12

Nutrient Foramina

Answer 12

holes for blood vessels

Question 13

Periosteum

Answer 13

though collagen sheath that covers bone

Question 14

Endosteum

Answer 14

reticular connective tissue that lines the internal marrow cavity and covers spongy tissue

Question 15

Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 15

hyaline cartilage that separates marrow of the head and shaft

Question 16

Epiphyseal Line

Answer 16

Marks where the plate used to be

Question 17

Osteogenic Cells

Answer 17

Stem Cells

*give rise to other types bone cells

Question 18

Osteoblasts

Answer 18

bone forming cells

Question 19

Osteoclasts

Answer 19

bone dissolving cells

*on bone surface

Question 20

Osteocytes

Answer 20

former osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix they deposited

Question 21

Red Bone Marrow

Answer 21

in children, produces blood cells

Question 22

Yellow Bone Marrow

Answer 22

in adults, red marrow that turns fatty

Question 23

Intramembranous Ossification

Answer 23

produces the flat bones of the skull and clavicle

bones develop within fibrous sheet similar to the dermis of skin(dermal bone)

Question 24

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 24

hyaline cartilage modle is created and replaced with osseous tisse

begins 6th week of fetal development- 20s

Question 25

2 types of bone growth

Answer 25

length

width

Question 26

Mineral Deposition

Answer 26

ions removed from blood plasma and deposited in bone tissue as crystals

Question 27

Ectopic Ossification

Answer 27

abnormal classification

Question 28

Calculus

Answer 28

calcified mass in an otherwise soft organ

Question 29

Mineral Resorption

Answer 29

process of dissolving bones

releases minerals into the blood

Question 30

3 Hormones that control Calcium Homeostasis

Answer 30

Calcitriol
Calcitonin
Parathyroid Hormone(PTH)

Question 31

How do hormones affect Blood Calcium

Answer 31

raise and lower blood calcium

Question 32

Orthopedics

Answer 32

study of body disorders

Question 33

Stress Fracture

Answer 33

caused by abnormal trauma to bone

falls, athletics

Question 34

Pathological Fracture

Answer 34

caused by a disease that weakened bone

osteoporisis

Question 35

Simple (fracture)

Answer 35

skin remains intact

Question 36

Compound (fracture)

Answer 36

skin is broken

Question 37

Non displaced

Answer 37

bone pieces remain in anatomical alignment

Question 38

Displaced

Answer 38

at least one piece has shifted out of alignment

Question 39

Comminuted

Answer 39

bone broke into 3 or more pieces

Question 40

Greenstick

Answer 40

bone completely broken, in children

Question 41

Osteoporosis

Answer 41

loss of bone density

Question 42

Osteimyelitis

Answer 42

inflammation of osseous tissue and bone marrow due to bacterial infection

Question 43

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (brittle bone)

Answer 43

defect in collagen deposition