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Human Anatomy > Chapter 8: The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 8: The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

2 Regions of Skeletal System

A

Axial

Appendicular

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2
Q

How many Bones?

Infant?

A

206

infant:270

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3
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

form within some tendons in response to strain

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4
Q

Sutural Bones

A

extras bones in skull

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5
Q

Condyle

A

rounded knob

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6
Q

Head

A

expanded end of a bone

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7
Q

Process

A

any bony prominence(projection)

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8
Q

Tubercle

A

small rounded process

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9
Q

Spine

A

Sharp, narrow process

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10
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow and broad depression or basin

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11
Q

Passages and Cavities

A

Canal
Foramen
Sinus

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12
Q

Canal

A

Tubular Passage

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13
Q

Foramen

A

hole through a bone

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14
Q

Sinus

A

air filled space in a bone

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15
Q

Skull

A

Most complex part of the skeleton

Contain:
Cranial Cavity 
Orbits-eye sockets
Nasal Cavity
Paranasal Sinuses
Oral cavity 
Middel & Inner ear cavities
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16
Q

Cranial Bones(8)

A 
Enclose the Brain
Sphenoid 
Temporal(2)
Ethmoid
Parietal(2)
Occipital
Fromen Magnum
Frontal
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17
Q

Fromen Magnum

A

large whole where spinal cord meets the brain

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18
Q

Frontal Bone

A

extends from inside eye orbits to coronal suture

forms anterior wall(FROEHEAD)

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19
Q

Parietal Bones(2)

A

Form most roof and walls of cranium

bordered by 4 sutures

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20
Q

Temporal Bones(2)

A

forms lower wall and part of floor

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21
Q

Occipital Bone

A

forms rear skull and part of base

contains foramen magnum

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22
Q

Sphenoid Bone

A

forms lower front wall and part of base

butterfly shaped, back of eyes

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23
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

Between eyes, superior half of nasal septum

forms upper base

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24
Q 
Facial Bones(14)
ZIP LVN MM
A

lie anterior to the cranial cavity

Zygomatic(2)
Inferior Nasal(2)
Palatine(2)
Lacrimal(2)
Vomer(1)
Nasal(2)
Maxillae(2)
Mandible
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25
Q

Maxillae(2)

A

Largest facial bones(form upper jaw)

extend from teeth to eye orbits

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26
Q

Palatine Bone(2)

A

L shaped, located in the posterior nasal cavity

under vomer, behind maxilla

27
Q

Zygomatic Bones(2)

A

From Angles of the cheeks

extend halfway to ear

28
Q

Lacrimal Bones(2)

A

Part of the medial wall of eye orbits

smallest bone in the skull(tear ducts)

29
Q

Nasal Bones(2)

A

form bridge of nose

30
Q

Inferior Nasal Conchae(2)

A

behind nose, under ethmoid bone

31
Q

Vomer(1)

A

inferior half of the nasal septum

32
Q

Mandible(1)

A

Strongest bone in the skull- LOWER JAW

33
Q

Foramina

A

holes that allows passage for nerves and blood vessels

34
Q

4 types of Paranasal Sinuses

FEMS

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Sphenoid

35
Q

Characteristics of Paranasal Sinuses

A

Lined by mucous membranes, air filled

add resonance to voice

Lighten Skull

36
Q

Auditory Ossicles

A

3 in each ear, they make up ear cavity

malleus, incus, and stapes

37
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

U shaped, between chin and larynx

attachment for muscles that control tongue, mandible and larynx

38
Q

When do Bones Fuse

A

in the first 2 years

not fused at birth

39
Q

Fontanelles

A

space between unfused cranial bones

contain fibrous membrane, and allow shifting of bones during birth and growth

40
Q

Skull Growth during Childhood

A

more rapid then rest of skeleton

  • 1/2 adult size by 9 months
  • Final size at 8 or 9 yrs
41
Q

Vertebral Column supports…

A

Skull and Trunk

42
Q

Vertebral Column provides attachment for…

A

limbs-thoracic cage-postural muscles

43
Q

Vertebral Column consists of…

A

chain of 33 vertebrae with intervertebral discs of fibrocartilage

44
Q

5 groups of Vertebrae

A 
Thoracic
Lumbar
Cervical
Coccygeal
Sacral
45
Q

Cervical #

A

Neck, 7 vertebrae

46
Q

Thoracic #

A

Chest, 12 vertebrae

47
Q

Lumbar #

A

Lower Back, 5 verterae

48
Q

Sacral #

A

Base of Spine, 5 fused vertebrae

49
Q

Coccygeal #

A

Tailbone, 4 fused vertebrae

50
Q

What has a C shaped spine

A

Newborns- till about age 3

Monkeys, apes, and other four legged animals

51
Q

4 Bends in a S Shaped Spine

A

Cervical- Neck
Thoracic- Chest
Lumbar- Lower back
Pelvic- Tailbone

52
Q

Causes of Spine Curvatures

A

disease- weakness- paralysis of trunk muscles- poor posture- pregnancy

53
Q

Scoliosis

A

most common– abnormal lateral deviation

54
Q

Kyphosis

A

hunchback/ widows hump–result of osteoporosis

55
Q

Lordosis

A

swayback/ exaggerated lumbar curvature–due to large abdominal weight(pregnancy, obesity)

56
Q

Body of Vertebra

A 
spongy bone(w/ red marrow) covered in shell of compact bone 
*weight bearing portion
57
Q

Vertebral Foramina

A

collectively form canal for spinal cord

58
Q

Spinous Process

A

projects from arch, visible under skin

59
Q

Intervertebral Discs

A

Gelatinous pad covered in fibrocartilage that binds vertebrae- helps absorb shock and support weight

60
Q

Herniated Disc

A

(ruptured of slipped)-puts painful pressure on spinal nerve or cord

61
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

small, light
Function: supports the head, allows for movement
Spinous process:forked

62
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

correspond to 12 ribs
Function: support the thoracic cage

Spinous Process: pointed, angled downward
Body: slightly heart shaped

63
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

thick, stout body W/ blunt/squarish process

Function: support abdominal cavity; resist twisting of spine

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

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