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Human Anatomy > Chapter 6: The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

3 Components of Integumentary System

A

Hair
SKIN
nails

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2
Q

2 Layers of Skin

A

Epidemis

Dermis

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3
Q

6 Functions of Skin

BVRNTS

A

Barrier Functions

Vitamin D Synthesis

Resistance to Trauma and Infection

Nonverbal Communication

Thermoregulation

Sensation

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4
Q

Thick Skin

A

Covers bottom of feet and palms of hands

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5
Q

Thin Skin

A

Rest of the body

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6
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Majority, synthesis keratin

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7
Q

Melanocytes

A

Branched, Synthesizes Melanin

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8
Q

Tactile(Merkel)

A

Touch Receptors, associated with dermal nerve fibers

low numbers

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9
Q

Dendritic

A

Immune cells, alert the immune system

large numbers

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10
Q

Layers of the Epidermis

CLBGS

A 
Basale 
Spinosum 
Granulosum 
Lucidum 
Corneum
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11
Q

Stem Cells

A

Undifferentiated Cells, Give rise to Keratinocytes

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12
Q

Stratum Basale

A

Consists of Keratinocytes, Stem Cells, Tactile Cells, and Melanocytes

Single layer, resting on basement membrane

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13
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Contains Keratinocytes and Dendritic Cells

server layers, usually thickest

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14
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Consists or FLAT Keratinocytes, and dark staining Keratohyalin granules

3-5 layers

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15
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Contains densely packed Keratinocytes

Thin and translucent, found ONLY in thick skin

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16
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Up to 30 Layers of dead scaly cells

forms a durable surface layer

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17
Q

2 Layers of Dermis

A

Papillary(Superficial)

Reticular(Deep)

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18
Q

Papillary Layer

A

Superficial, thin zone of areolar-Rich in SM blood vessles

mobility of leukocytes and other defense cells, if epidermis breaks

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19
Q

Reticular Layer

A

Deep, thick zone of dense irregular tissue

Collagen formed into think bundles

Ex: stretch marks

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20
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous tissue layer beneath the skin

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21
Q

Eumelanin

A

brownish black

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22
Q

Pheomelanin

A

Reddish yellow

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23
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blueness of skin, loss of oxygen

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24
Q

Erythema

A

Abnormal redness of skin, increased blood flow or pooling of blood

Heat, Sunburn

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25
Q

Palor

A

Pale, Lack of blood flow

Anemiz, low BP, shock

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26
Q

Albinism

A

Genetic lack of melanin, results in milky skin and hair, blue/grey eyes

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27
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowing of skin&whites of eyes

Hight level of bilirubin

Ex: cancer, hepatitis

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28
Q

Hematoma

A

Bruise, mass of clotted blood showing through skin

Accidental Trauma

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29
Q

Friction Ridge

A

Fingerprints, enhance sensitivity to texture

unique to everyone

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30
Q

Flexion Lines

A

Where skin folds during the flexing of joints

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31
Q

Freckles

A

Flat cluster of melanocytes

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32
Q

Mole

A

Elevated cluster of melanocytes, with hair often

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33
Q

Hemangioma

A

Patches of skin that are discolored by benign tumors of the blood capillaries

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34
Q

Capillary Hemangiomas

A

Strawberry Birthmark*

bright red or purple , slightly elevated

Develop after birth, disappear by 5-6

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35
Q

Cavernous Hemangiomas

A

Flat and Dull

present at birth, enlarge- regress- disappear by 9

36
Q

Port-Wine Stain

A

Flat, Pinkish or dark Purple

remains for life

37
Q

3 Types of Hair

A

Lanugo
Vellus
Terminal Hair

38
Q

Lanugo

A

Fine, downy, unpigmented hair

*fetus

39
Q

Vellus

A

Replace lanugo

Fine, pale hair covers the body

40
Q

Terminal Hair

A

Longer, Coarser, Heavily pigmented

Forms after puberty

Eyebrows, eyelashes, facial hair, public hair

41
Q

3 Zones of Hair

A

Bulb
Root
Shaft

42
Q

Bulb

A

Base of where the hair originates

43
Q

Root

A

Remainder of hair in the follicle

44
Q

Shaft

A

Portion above the skin surface

45
Q

Dermal Papilla

A

vascular connective tissue encased by bulb

provided sole source of nutrition to hair

46
Q

Hair Matrix

A

mitotically active cells above papilla

growth center, cells above this layer are dead

47
Q

3 Layers of Hair

A

Medulla
Cortex
Cuticle

48
Q

Medulla

A

Core of loosely arranged cells and air spaces

49
Q

Cortex

A

Bulk of hair

several layers of elongated keratinized cells

50
Q

Cuticle

A

Outside hair

thin scaly cells with free edges that direct upwards

51
Q

Hair Receptors

A

Nerve fibers that entwine each follicle and respond to hair movement

52
Q

Piloerector Muscle

A

Bundle of smooth muscle cells, causes goosebumps

53
Q

3 Stages of Hair Development

A

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen

54
Q

Anagen

A

Growth stage, 90% of follicles at any given time

55
Q

Catagen

A

Degenerative stage, mitosis in the hair matrix ceases and sheath cells below the bulge die

56
Q

Telogen

A

Resting stage, when papilla reaches the bulge

57
Q

Alopecia

A

Thinning of hair or baldness

58
Q

Pattern Baldness

A

Hair loss occurs from specific regions of the scalp

combination of genetic and hormonal influences

59
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive or undesirable hairiness in areas that are not usually hairy

60
Q

Functions of Hair Receptors

A

Alert us of parasites crawling on skin

61
Q

Function of Scalp

A

Retain heat and protect against sunburn

62
Q

Function Guard Hairs

A

Guard nostrils and ear canals

63
Q

Function Eyelashes and Eyebrows

A

nonverbal communication

64
Q

3 Parts of Nail Plate

A

Free Edge: overhangs tip
Nail Body: visible attached part
Nail Root: extends proximally under overlying skin

65
Q

Nail Bed

A

Skin under nail plate

66
Q

Hyponychium

A

Epidermis of the nail bed

67
Q

Nail Matrix

A

Growth zone of thickened stratum basale at proximal end of nail

68
Q

Lunule

A

opaque white crescent at the proximal end of the nail

69
Q

Eponychium(cuticle)

A

narrow sone of dead skin that commonly overhangs the end of the nail

70
Q

Merocrine

A

Simple tubular glands with a duct leading to sweat pore, cools the body

3-4mill in adults

71
Q

Apocrine

A

Ducts that lead to follicles, sweat is thicker and can be a response to stress or sexual stimulation

72
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Produce oily secretion(sebum)

that keeps hair and skin from drying

73
Q

Ceruminous Glands

A

Found in external ear canal

74
Q

Mammary Glands

A

Milk producing glands, form during pregnancy

modified apocrine Sgland

75
Q

Acne

A

Inflammation or the Sebaceous glands

*block keratinocytes and sebum

76
Q

Dermatitis

A

Any inflammation of the skin

77
Q

Eczema

A

itchy red patch, begins before 5- cause by allergy

78
Q

Rosacea

A

Fine network of dilated blood vessels

red, rashlike area on nose or cheeks

79
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Unknown causes, scaly white or yellow inflammation in infants (cradle cap)

80
Q

Tinea

A

Fungal infection, moist areas

ex: athletes foot

81
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Small shiny bumps that enlarge

most common- easy to treat-high survival

82
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Appears on scalp, ears, lower lip, back of hands-raised scaly red

eventually forms concave ulcer

early detection and treatment = recovery

83
Q

Melanoma

A

aggressive and drug resistant
surgically curable if detected early

common in redheads, men , and experience of sever sunburn as child

linked to moles

84
Q

ABCD Rule

A 
Mole or Melanoma?
A- Asymmetry: side are dif
B- Border: border irregularity
C- Color: mix of colors
D- Diameter: greater than 6 mm
85
Q

1st Degree

A

involves only epidermis

redness, pain- heals in few days

86
Q

2nd Degree

A

involves epidermis and part of dermis

red/white, blistered, very painful-heals 2weeks to months

87
Q

3rd Degree

A

Full thickness burn, epidermis and ALL dermis

needs skin grafts

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

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