Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 9: Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Joints Flashcards

1
Q

any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at that interface

A

joint (articulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how are joint names derived?

A

typically derived from the names of the bones involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how are joints classified?

A

according to the amount of movement allowed and the manner in which the bones are bound to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

immovable joints are called

A

synarthroses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

slightly movable joints are called

A

amphiarthroses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

freely movable joints are called

A

diarthroses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 4 major joint categories?

A

bony, fibrous, synovial, cartilaginous joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

another name for a bony joint

A

synostosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and the bones become, in effect, a single bone; can either occur in fibrous or cartilaginous joints

A

synostosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

another name for fibrous joint

A

synarthrosis/synarthrodial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone and penetrate into the other

A

fibrous joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the three kinds of fibrous joints?

A

sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

immobile or slightly mobile fibrous joints in which short collagen fibers bind the bones of the skull to each other

A

sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

attachment of a tooth to its socket; held in place by fibrous periodontal ligament

A

gomphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by long collagen fibers

A

syndesmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

example of very mobile syndesmosis

A

interosseus membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

example of less mobile syndesmosis

A

joint between tibia and fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

another name for a cartilaginous joint

A

amphiarthroses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the two kinds of cartilaginous joints?

A

synchondroses and symphyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what cartilage is used in synchondrosis?

A

hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are examples of synchondrosis?

A

temporary joints in the epiphyseal plates in children, first rib attachment to sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what kind of cartilage is used for symphysis

A

fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are examples of symphysis?

A

pubic symphysis joining the right and left pubic bones with interpubic disc; bodies of vertebrae joined by intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

joint in which two bones are separated by a joint cavity

A

synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is another name for synovial joints?

A

diarthrosis/diarthrodial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the most familiar type of joint?

A

synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what joint is most structurally complex?

A

synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

slippery lubricant in joint cavity; rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid; like raw egg whites

A

synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the degrees through which a joint can move; aspect of joint performance; physical assessment of a patient’s joint flexibility

A

range of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is range of motion determined by?

A

structure of the articular surfaces, strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsules, action of the muscles and tendons; muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

shoulder has three degrees of freedom or axes of rotation

A

multiaxial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

how many classes of synovial joints exist

A

6 classes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

smooth, hemispherical head fits within cup like socket, only multiaxial joints in body

A

ball and socket joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

oval convex surface of one bone fits into a complementary shaped depression on the other; biaxial joint

A

condylar; ellipsoid joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

both bones have an articular surface shaped like a saddle, one is concave, the other convex; biaxial

A

saddle joints

36
Q

flat articular surfaces, bones slide over each other; usually biaxial

A

plane gliding joints

37
Q

one bone with a convex surface fits into a concave depression of another bone; monoaxial

A

hinge joints

38
Q

bone spins on its longitudinal axis; monoaxial

A

pivot joint

39
Q

the position of a joint when a person is standing in standard anatomical position

A

zero position

40
Q

movement that decreases joint angle

A

flexion

41
Q

movement that straightens a joint and returns a body part to zero position

A

extension

42
Q

extension of a joint beyond zero position

A

hyperextension

43
Q

movement of a body in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

44
Q

raising arm over back or front of head

A

hyperabduction

45
Q

movement in the frontal plane back towards the midline

A

adduction

46
Q

crossing fingers; crossing ankles is considered

A

hyperadduction

47
Q

movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane

A

elevation

48
Q

movement that lowers a body part in the same plane

A

depression

49
Q

the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane

A

protraction

50
Q

posterior movement

A

retraction

51
Q

one end of an appendage remains stationary while the other end makes a circular motion

A

circumduction

52
Q

movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis

A

rotation

53
Q

rotation that turns the bone inward

A

medial/internal rotation

54
Q

rotation that turns the bone outward

A

lateral/external rotation

55
Q

forearm movement that turns palm to face anteriorly or upward

A

supination

56
Q

forearm movement that turns palm to face either posteriorly or downward

A

pronation

57
Q

moving thumb away from hand and pointing it anteriorly

A

palmar abduction

58
Q

moving thumb away from index finger

A

radial abduction

59
Q

tip of thumb directed toward palm

A

flexion of thumb

60
Q

straightening the thumb

A

extension of thumb

61
Q

moving thumb to touch tip of a finger

A

opposition

62
Q

returning thumb to zero position

A

reposition

63
Q

elevating toes as you do while swinging foot forward to take a step

A

dorsiflexion

64
Q

extending foot so that toes point downward as in standing on tiptoe

A

plantar flexion

65
Q

movement in which the soles are turned medially

A

inversion

65
Q

movement in which the soles are turned laterally

A

eversion

65
Q

complex combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction

A

supination of foot

66
Q

syndrome including clicking sounds in the jaw, limitation of jaw movement, pain radiating from jaw down the neck, shoulders and back, can cause moderate intermittent facial pain or severe headaches, vertigo, tinnitus

A

tmj (temporomandibular joint syndrome)

66
Q

complex combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction

A

pronation of foot

67
Q

what is the cause of tmj

A

psychological tension and malocclusion (misalignment of teeth)

68
Q

cause of shoulder dislocation

A

downward displacement of the humerus

69
Q

a hinge that includes two articulations; frequently dislocated

A

elbow joint

70
Q

head of femur inserts into acetabulum of hip bone; bears weight has deeper sockets, more stable than shoulder

A

coxal hip joint

71
Q

congenital dislocation

A

infants born with dislocation

72
Q

largest and most complex diarthrosis of the body; primarily a hinge joint

A

tibiofemoral (knee) joint

73
Q

procedure in which interior of joint is viewed with a pencil thin arthroscope inserted through a small incision

A

arthroscopy

74
Q

board term for pain and inflammation of joints; most crippling disease in the united states

A

artritis

75
Q

most common form of arthritis; wear and tear arthritis

A

osteoarthritis

76
Q

attack against joint tissue; type of arthritis

A

rheumatoid arthritis

77
Q

solidly fused immobilized joint

A

ankylosis

78
Q

replacement of diseased joint with artificial device called prosthesis

A

arthroplasty

79
Q

inflammation of a bursa or tendon sheath

A

bursitis/tendonitis

80
Q

uric acid crystal accumulation in the joint that irritates the articular cartilage and synovial membrane

A

gout

81
Q

a broad term for any pain in the bones, ligaments, tendons and muscles related to support and locomotion

A

rheumatism

82
Q

torn ligament or tendon

A

sprain

83
Q

painful overstretching of a tendon or muscle

A

strain

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions