Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 6: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

oily secretion of sebaceous glands; keeps hair and skin from becoming dry brittle and cracked

A

sebum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

entire cell breaks up to form secretion

A

holocrine secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sheep sebum

A

lanolin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what secretion does sebaceous glands use?

A

holocrine secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ceruminous glands are modified apocrine glands in

A

external ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sebum and dead epithelial cells form

A

earwax (cerumen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

milk producing glands that develop only during pregnancy and lactation

A

mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

two rows of mammary glands in most mammals

A

mammary ridges; milk lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

multiple nipples

A

polythelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 3 kinds of skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

least common type of skin cancer; least dangerous because it seldom metastasizes; forms from cells in stratum basal; lesion is small shiny bump with central depression and beaded edges; cured with surgical removal

A

basal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

skin cancer; arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum; surgical removal

A

squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

most dangerous skin cancer; most likely to spread; least common; arises from melanocytes

A

malignant melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ABCD rule for malignant melanoma

A

A: asymmetry: uneven sides; B: border irregularity; C: color: several colors; D: diameter- larger than pencil eraser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

deaths from burns largely result from

A

fluid loss (immediate threat); infection, eschar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

burned, dead tissue

A

eschar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

removal of eschar

A

debridement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how are burns classified?

A

according to depth of damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

burn that only involves epidermis

A

first degree burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

partial thickness burn; involves part of dermis

A

second degree burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

full thickness burn; involves epidermis, all of dermis, and some deeper tissues; requires skin grafts and fluid replacement, infection control and supplemental nutrition

A

third degree burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

skin taken from another location on same persons body

A

autograft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

graft taking epidermis and part of the dermis from an undamaged area such as the thigh or buttocks and grafting it into the burned area

A

split skin graft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

skin from identical twin

A

isograft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

temporary skin graft from unrelated person

A

homograft(allograft)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

temporary skin graft from different species

A

heterograft (xenograft)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the integumentary system?

A

skin and accessory organs (hair nails sweat and sebaceous oil glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

scientific study and medical treatment of the integumentary system

A

dermatology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the body’s largest and heaviest organ?

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how many distinct regions does the skin have?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are the two distinct regions of the skin?

A

epidermis and dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

is the hypodermis part of the skin?

A

no but shares some functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the hypodermis?

A

subcutaneous layer deep to skin; mostly adipose tissue that absorbs shock and insulates; anchors skin to underlying structures; mostly muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what kind of skin covers front of hands, bottoms of feet; has sweat glands, but no hair follicles or sebaceous oil glands; epidermis 0.5 mm thick?

A

thick skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what kind of skin covers the rest of the body; possesses hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands; epidermis about 0.1 mm thick?

A

thin skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what are the functions of skin?

A

protection, body temperature regulation, cutaneous sensations, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, excretion of wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

how many barriers does the skin have?

A

3: chemical, physical, biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

low pH of skin retards bacterial multiplication

A

acid mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

skin secretes many chemicals such as sweat; which contains antimicrobial proteins, sebum and defensins which kill bacteria, cells also secrete antimicrobial defensin

A

chemical barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

flat, dead keratinized cells of stratum corneum, surrounded by glycolipids, block most water and water soluble substances, some chemicals have limited penetration of skin

A

physical barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

epidermis contains phagocytic dendritic cells; dermis contains macrophages; dna can absorb harmful uv radiation, converting it to harmless heat

A

biological barriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

unnoticeable sweat abt 500 mL

A

insensible perspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

when body temp rises; dilation of dermal vessels: noticeable sweat abt 12 L a day

A

sensible perspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

respond to stimuli outside body, such as temperature, touch, and pain; part of nervous system

A

cutaneous sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what can disarm some carcinogens?

A

chemicals from keratinocytes

46
Q

epidermis consists mostly of what kind of cell?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

47
Q

what kind of cells are found in epidermis?

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, tactile cells

48
Q

cells that produce fibrous keratin, protein that give skin its protective properties, most common cells of epidermis, tightly connected by desmosomes, millions slough off every day

A

keratinocytes

49
Q

cells that produce pigment melanin

A

melanocytes

50
Q

cells that are key activators of immune system system

A

dendritic cells

51
Q

cells that are sensory receptors that sense touch

A

tactile cells

52
Q

how many strata does thin skin have?

A

4

53
Q

how many strata does thick skin have?

A

5

54
Q

layer of skin: single layer of stem cells and keratinocytes, stem cells divide and give rise to keratinocytes that migrate towards skin surface to replace lost cells; also contains a few melanocytes and tactile cells (deepest epidermal layer)

A

stratum basale

55
Q

layer of skin: several layers of keratinocytes joined together by desmosomes and tight junctions; named for appearance of cells after histological preparation (spiny); contains some dendritic cells

A

stratum spinosum

56
Q

layer of skin: three to five layers of flat keratinocytes; cells contain dark staining keratohyalin granules, water resistant glycolipids that slow water loss; cells above this layer die; too far from dermal capillaries to survive

A

stratum granulosum

57
Q

layer of skin: thin pale layer only found in thick; keratinocytes packed with protein eleidin

A

stratum lucidum

58
Q

layer of skin: several layers (up to 30) of dead scaly, keratinized cells, resists abrasion, penetration, water loss

A

stratum corneum (surface layer)

59
Q

thick accumulations of dead keratinocytes on hands or feet

A

calluses or corns

60
Q

water retention is fostered by tight junctions between skin cells and the waterproofing glycolipids of the stratum granulosum; helps prevent dehydration, does not prevent the absorption of water by the stratum corneum when we soak in a bath

A

epidermal water barrier

61
Q

how many layers of the dermis are there?

A

2

62
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A

papillary and reticular

63
Q

superficial region of dermis that sense fingerlike projections up into epidermis

A

dermal papillae

64
Q

ridges are called_____ and enhance gripping ability; contribute to sense of touch; sweat pores in ridges leave unique fingerprint pattern

A

friction ridges

65
Q

lines in the reticular layer that are caused by many collagen fibers running paralel to skin surface

A

cleavage (tension) lines

66
Q

dermal folds in reticular layer near joints (dermis is more tightly secured to deeper structures)

A

flexure lines

67
Q

acute short term traumas to skin; fluid filled pockets that separate epidermal and dermal layers

A

blisters

68
Q

extreme strecthing of skin

A

stretch marks

69
Q

most significant factor in skin color

A

melanin

70
Q

brownish black form of melanin

A

eumelanin

71
Q

reddish yellow (sulfur containing) form of melanin

A

pheomelanin

72
Q

pigment in red blood cells; adds reddish to pinkish hue to skin

A

hemoglobin

73
Q

yellow to orange pigment; concentrates in stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat

A

carotene

74
Q

blueness due to oxygen deficiency

A

cyanosis

75
Q

redness due to increased blood flow to skin

A

erythema

76
Q

paleness due to decreased blood flow to skin

A

pallor

77
Q

milky white skin and blue-gray eyes due to genetic lack of melanin synthesizing enzyme

A

albinism

78
Q

yellowing due to bilirubin in blood (can be comprised liver function)

A

jaundice

79
Q

bruising

A

hematoma

80
Q

patches of discolored skin caused by benign tumors of dermal capillaries

A

hemangiomas (birthmarks)

81
Q

another name for hair is

A

pilus

82
Q

slender filament of keratinized cells growing from a tube in the skin

A

hair

83
Q

tube in the skin in which hair grows out of

A

hair follicule

84
Q

fine, downy unpigmented hair that appears on the fetus in the last 3 months of developmemt

A

lanugo

85
Q

fine, pale hair that replaces lanugo by the time of birth

A

vellus

86
Q

longer coarser and more heavily pigmented hair

A

terminal

87
Q

a swelling at the base where the hair originates

A

bulb

88
Q

the remainder of the hair in the follicle

A

root

89
Q

the portion of hair above the skin surface

A

shaft

90
Q

bud of vascular connective tissue encased by bulb

A

dermal papilla

91
Q

region of mitotically active cells immediately above papilla

A

hair matrix

92
Q

structure of hair: central core

A

medulla

93
Q

structure of hair: surrounds medulla

A

cortex

94
Q

structure of hair: outermost layer

A

cuticle

95
Q

extension of the epidermis lying adjacent to hair root

A

epithelial root sheath

96
Q

derived from dermis but a bit denser

A

connective tissue root sheath

97
Q

sensory nerve fibers entwining follicules

A

hair receptors

98
Q

smooth muscle attaching the follicle to the dermis

A

arrector pili muscle

99
Q

thinning of hair

A

alopecia

100
Q

excessive undesirable hairiness in area that are not usually hairy

A

hirsutism

101
Q

hard part of the nail

A

nail plate

102
Q

overhangs the fingertip

A

free edge

103
Q

visible attached part of nail

A

nail body

104
Q

extends proximally under overlying skin

A

nail root

105
Q

surrounding skin rising above nail

A

nail fold

106
Q

separates nail fold from nail plate

A

nail groove

107
Q

skin underlying the nail plate

A

nail bed

108
Q

growth zone

A

nail matrix

109
Q

opaque white crescent due to thickness of matrix

A

lunule

110
Q

narrow zone of dead skin overhanging proximal end of nail

A

eponychium (cuticle)

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions