chapter 17 Flashcards
which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands?
they release their secretions into blood
they release and produce hormones directly into the bloodstream
what makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone?
the presence of a receptor for that particular hormone
the posterior pituitary secretes:
oxytocin and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)
the hypophyseal portal connects the ________ with the _________
anterior pituitary with the hypothalamus
Which of the following hormones is not a tropin?
PRL or prolactin
The __________ secretes a hormone that increases the body’s metabolic rate, promotes alertness,
quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system
thyroid gland
The ___________ secretes a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia
parathyroid glands
The _______ secretes______ which promotes Na+ and water retention
adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone
many hours after a meal, alpha cells in the pancreatic islets secrete ____, which _____ blood glucose.
glucagon, raises
circulating hormones are mostly taken up and degraded by the ________ and the __________
liver and the kidneys
neither follicle stimulating (FSH) hormone nor testosterone alone can stimulate significant sperm production, whereas when they act together, the testes produce some 300,000 sperm per minute. This is an example of which principle regarding hormones?
the synergistic effect
aspirin and ibuprofen block the __________
action of cyclooxygenase
production of prostaglandins
which of the following is not a cause of cushing syndrome
hyperactivity of adrenal medulla
the level of blood calcium leads to release of a hormone. this is:
parathyroid hormone
a man enters a clinic complaining of a growth in his neck. he never eats iodine. he also complains of lethargy, cold intolerance, and weight gain. he likely has
a goiter, iodine deficiency hyperthyroidism, all of the above
__________ are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue and stimulate their physiology
paracrine signals
which of the following is true regarding cortisol?
stress hormone promotes breakdown of fat and protein to provide energy during stressful situations
growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood but it is more likely to cause ________ when it begins in adulthood
acromealgy
which of the following is not a characteristic of diabetes mellitus
hypoglycemia
which of these is not an anterior pituitary hormone?
oxytocin
the hypothalamus controls the posterior pituitary through
hormonal control; hypophyseal portal system
aldosterone is released from the _____ in response to ______
adrenal cortex, a decrease in blood pressure and sodium, and an increase in potassium
Diabetes caused by a decreased sensitivity of cells to the insulin produced is _______ .
type 2 diabetes; insulin resistance
though hormones circulate systemically, only cells with receptors for that hormone are affected. these cells are called______
target cells
