chapter 17

Question 1

which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands?

Answer 1

they release their secretions into blood

they release and produce hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 2

what makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone?

Answer 2

the presence of a receptor for that particular hormone

Question 3

the posterior pituitary secretes:

Answer 3

oxytocin and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 4

the hypophyseal portal connects the ________ with the _________

Answer 4

anterior pituitary with the hypothalamus

Question 5

Which of the following hormones is not a tropin?

Answer 5

PRL or prolactin

Question 6

The __________ secretes a hormone that increases the body’s metabolic rate, promotes alertness,
quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system

Answer 6

thyroid gland

Question 7

The ___________ secretes a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia

Answer 7

parathyroid glands

Question 8

The _______ secretes______ which promotes Na+ and water retention

Answer 8

adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone

Question 9

many hours after a meal, alpha cells in the pancreatic islets secrete ____, which _____ blood glucose.

Answer 9

glucagon, raises

Question 10

circulating hormones are mostly taken up and degraded by the ________ and the __________

Answer 10

liver and the kidneys

Question 11

neither follicle stimulating (FSH) hormone nor testosterone alone can stimulate significant sperm production, whereas when they act together, the testes produce some 300,000 sperm per minute. This is an example of which principle regarding hormones?

Answer 11

the synergistic effect

Question 12

aspirin and ibuprofen block the __________

Answer 12

action of cyclooxygenase

production of prostaglandins

Question 13

which of the following is not a cause of cushing syndrome

Answer 13

hyperactivity of adrenal medulla

Question 14

the level of blood calcium leads to release of a hormone. this is:

Answer 14

parathyroid hormone

Question 15

a man enters a clinic complaining of a growth in his neck. he never eats iodine. he also complains of lethargy, cold intolerance, and weight gain. he likely has

Answer 15

a goiter, iodine deficiency hyperthyroidism, all of the above

Question 16

__________ are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue and stimulate their physiology

Answer 16

paracrine signals

Question 17

which of the following is true regarding cortisol?

Answer 17

stress hormone promotes breakdown of fat and protein to provide energy during stressful situations

Question 18

growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood but it is more likely to cause ________ when it begins in adulthood

Answer 18

acromealgy

Question 19

which of the following is not a characteristic of diabetes mellitus

Answer 19

hypoglycemia

Question 20

which of these is not an anterior pituitary hormone?

Answer 20

oxytocin

Question 21

the hypothalamus controls the posterior pituitary through

Answer 21

hormonal control; hypophyseal portal system

Question 22

aldosterone is released from the _____ in response to ______

Answer 22

adrenal cortex, a decrease in blood pressure and sodium, and an increase in potassium

Question 23

Diabetes caused by a decreased sensitivity of cells to the insulin produced is _______ .

Answer 23

type 2 diabetes; insulin resistance

Question 24

though hormones circulate systemically, only cells with receptors for that hormone are affected. these cells are called______

Answer 24

target cells