Chapter 9: Holistic-Dynamic Theory (Maslow)

Question 1

A brilliant young college student was struggling through his third school. Although he performed reasonably well in courses that aroused his interest, his work was so poor in other classes that he was placed on academic probation.

Answer 1

Abraham Maslow

Question 2

Later, this young man took an IQ test on which he scored 195, a score so high that it can be achieved by only about one person in several million.

Answer 2

Abraham Maslow

Question 3

Interestingly, the young woman who was the object of his affections was also his _____.

Answer 3

first cousin

Question 4

The personality theory of Abraham Maslow has variously been called humanistic theory, transpersonal theory, the third force in psychology, the fourth force in personality, needs theory, and self-actualization theory.

Answer 4

Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Question 5

The first force in Psychology

Answer 5

Psychoanalysis

Question 6

The second force in Psychology

Answer 6

Behaviorism

Question 7

The third force in Psychology

Answer 7

The theories of Maslow, Gordon Allport, Carl Rogers, Rollo May.

Question 8

Despite several years of psychoanalysis, he never overcame the intense hatred of his _____and refused to attend her funeral, despite pleas from his siblings who did not share his hateful feelings for their _____.

Answer 8

mother

Question 9

His introductory psychology professor was _____, a renowned pioneer in psychology who taught all his classes in full academic robes

Answer 9

Edward B. Titchener

Question 10

Maslow received many honors during his lifetime, including his election to the presidency of the _____ for the year 1967–1968.

Answer 10

American Psychological Association

Question 11

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs concept assumes that lower level needs must be _____ or at least relatively _____ before higher level needs become activated.

Answer 11

satisfied

Question 12

The five needs composing this hierarchy are _____ needs, meaning that they have a striving or motivational character

Answer 12

conative

Question 13

1. Physiological Needs
2. Safety Needs
3. Love and Belongingness Needs
4. Esteem Needs
5. Self-Actualization Needs

Answer 13

Hierarchy of Needs

Question 14

Safety needs differ from physiological needs in that they cannot be _____.

Answer 14

overly satisfied — people can never be completely protected from meteorites, fires, floods, or the dangerous acts of others.

Question 15

After people partially satisfy their physiological and safety needs, they become motivated by _____ needs.

Answer 15

love and belongingness

Question 16

Maslow identified two levels of esteem needs—_____.

Answer 16

reputation and self-esteem

Question 16

Maslow identified two levels of esteem needs—_____.

Answer 16

reputation and self-esteem

Question 17

_____ is the perception of the prestige, recognition, or fame a person has achieved in the eyes of others, whereas _____ is a person’s own feelings of worth and confidence.

Answer 17

Reputation, Self-esteem

Question 18

Why some people step over the threshold from esteem to self-actualization and others do not is a matter of whether or not they embrace the _____.

Answer 18

B-values

Question 19

Self-actualization needs include _____, the realization of all one’s potential, and a desire to become creative in the full sense of the word.

Answer 19

self-fulfillment

Question 20

People with strong _____ desire beautiful and orderly surroundings, and when these needs are not met, they become sick in the same way that they become sick when their conative needs are frustrated.

Answer 20

aesthetic needs

Question 21

When _____ needs are blocked, all needs on Maslow’s hierarchy are threatened; that is, knowledge is necessary to satisfy each of the five conative needs.

Answer 21

cognitive

Question 22

By definition, _____needs are nonproductive. They perpetuate an unhealthy style of life and have no value in the striving for self-actualization.

Answer 22

neurotic

Question 23

_____ needs are usually reactive; that is, they serve as compensation for unsatisfied basic needs.

Answer 23

Neurotic

Question 24

1. Reversed Order of Needs
2. Unmotivated Behavior
3. Expressive and Coping Behavior
4. Deprivation of Needs
5. Instinctoid Nature of Needs
6. Comparison of Higher and Lower Needs

Answer 24

General Discussion of Needs

Question 25

For some people, the drive for creativity (a selfactualization need) may take precedence over safety and physiological needs. An enthusiastic artist may risk safety and health to complete an important work.

Answer 25

Reversed Order of Needs

Question 26

_____ is considered the founder and spiritual leader of the humanistic psychology movement.

Answer 26

Abraham Maslow

Question 27

Maslow believed that even though all behaviors have a cause, some behaviors are not motivated. In other words, not all determinants are motives.

Answer 27

Unmotivated Behavior

Question 28

_____behavior includes such actions as slouching, looking stupid, being relaxed, showing anger, and expressing joy

Answer 28

Expressive behavior

Question 29

On the other hand, _____ is ordinarily conscious, effortful, learned, and determined by the external environment. It involves the individual’s attempts to cope with the environment; to secure food and shelter; to make friends; and to receive acceptance, appreciation, and prestige from others

Answer 29

coping behavior

Question 30

Lack of satisfaction with any of the basic needs leads to some kind of pathology is _____.

Answer 30

Deprivation of Needs

Question 31

Maslow hypothesizes that some human needs are innately determined even though they can be modified by learning. He called these needs _____.

Answer 31

Instinctoid Nature of Needs

Question 32

The need to comb one’s hair or to speak one’s native tongue is learned, and the frustration of these needs does not ordinarily produce illness. If one would become psychologically ill as the result of not being able to comb one’s hair or to speak one’s native language, then the frustrated need is actually a basic _____ need, perhaps love and belongingness or possibly esteem.

Answer 32

Instinctoid Nature

Question 33

1. Free from psychopathology
2. Had progressed through the hierarchy of needs
3. B-values
4. “Full use and exploitation of talents, capacities, potentialities, etc.”

Answer 33

Criteria for Self-Actualization

Question 34

He distinguished between ordinary need motivation and the motives of self-actualizing people, which he
called _____.

Answer 34

metamotivation

Question 35

The values of self-actualizing people include truth, goodness, beauty, wholeness or the transcendence of dichotomies, aliveness or spontaneity, uniqueness, perfection, completion, justice and order, simplicity, richness or totality, effortlessness, playfulness or humor, and self-sufficiency or autonomy.

Answer 35

14 Being Values

Question 36

1. More Efficient Perception of Reality (vs. fake)
2. Acceptance of Self, Others, and Nature (no critical others)
3. Spontaneity, Simplicity, and Naturalness (real, no social demands)
4. Problem-Centering (do not blame people)
5. The Need for Privacy
6. Autonomy (Do not care about other opinions, no approval from others)
7. Continued Freshness of Appreciation (appreciative)
8. The Peak Experience (momentum)
9. Gemeinschaftsgefühl
10. Profound Interpersonal Relations (few friends)
11. The Democratic Character Structure (not racist)
12. Discrimination Between Means and Ends
13. Philosophical Sense of Humor
14. Creativeness
15. Resistance to Enculturation

Answer 36

Characteristics of Self-Actualizing People

Question 37

Another obstacle that often blocks people’s growth toward self-actualization is the _____, or the fear of being one’s best.

Inhibition of becoming fully self-actualized—that is, of fulfilling one’s potential—for fear of facing new challenges and situations. It is named for the biblical prophet _____, who attempted to evade the mission imposed on him by God.

Answer 37

Jonah Complex (Safeguarding Tendency’s Excuses)

Question 38

To Maslow, the aim of therapy would be for clients to embrace the Being-values, that is, to value truth, justice, goodness, simplicity, and so forth.

Answer 38

Maslow’s Psychotherapy

Question 39

Everett L. Shostrom developed the _____ in an attempt to measure the values and behaviors of self-actualizing people.

Answer 39

Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)