Chapter 6: Humanistic Psychoanalysis (Erich Fromm)

Question 1

_____ contributes to feelings of loneliness, isolation, and homelessness.

Answer 1

Self-awareness

Question 2

Trained in Freudian psychoanalysis and influenced by Karl Marx, _____, and other socially-oriented theorists, Fromm developed a theory of personality that emphasizes the influence of sociobiological factors, history, economics, and class structure

Answer 2

Karen Horney

Question 3

_____ assumes that humanity’s separation from the natural world has produced feelings of loneliness and isolation, a condition called basic anxiety.

Answer 3

humanistic psychoanalysis

Question 4

He recalled that he had “very _____ parents” and that he was “probably a rather unbearably _____ child”.

Answer 4

neurotic, neurotic

Question 5

Fromm believed that humans, unlike other animals, have been “torn away” from their prehistoric union with ______.

Answer 5

nature

Question 6

They have no powerful instincts to adapt to a changing world; instead, they have acquired the facility to reason—a condition Fromm called the _____.

Answer 6

human dilemma

Question 7

The human ability to reason, therefore, is both a _____.

Answer 7

blessing and a curse

Question 8

On one hand, it permits people to survive, but on the other, it forces them to attempt to solve basic insoluble dichotomies

Answer 8

existential dichotomies

Question 9

The first and most fundamental dichotomy is that between _____.

Answer 9

life and death

Question 10

A second existential dichotomy is that humans are capable of conceptualizing the goal of _____, but we also are aware that life is too short to reach that goal.

Answer 10

complete self-realization

Question 11

The third existential dichotomy is that _____, yet we cannot tolerate isolation

Answer 11

people are ultimately alone

Question 12

As animals, humans are motivated by such physiological needs as hunger, sex, and safety; but they can never resolve their human dilemma by satisfying these animal needs.

Answer 12

Human Needs

Question 13

Healthy individuals are better able to find ways of reuniting with the world by productively solving the human needs of relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, a sense of identity, and a frame of orientation.

Answer 13

Fromm STFRR

Question 14

The first human, or existential, need is _____, the drive for union with another person or other persons.

Answer 14

relatedness

Question 15

Fromm postulated three basic ways in which a person may relate to the world: (1) submission, (2) power, and (3) love.

Answer 15

submission, power, and love

Question 16

“In this way he transcends the separateness of his individual existence by becoming part of somebody or something bigger than himself and experiences his identity in
connection with the power to which he has submitted”.

Answer 16

Submission

Question 17

Whereas submissive people search for a relationship with domineering people, welcome submissive partners.

Answer 17

Power

Question 18

The two partners “live on each other and from each other, satisfying their craving for closeness, yet suffering from the lack of inner strength and self-reliance which would require freedom and independence”.

Answer 18

symbiotic relationship

Question 19

Fromm believed that _____ is the only route by which a person can become united with the world and, at the same time, achieve individuality and integrity.

Answer 19

love

Question 20

_____ involves sharing and communion with another, yet it allows a person the freedom to be unique and separate.

Answer 20

Love

Question 21

In The Art of Loving, Fromm identified _____ as four basic elements common to all forms of genuine love.

Answer 21

care, responsibility, respect, and knowledge

Question 22

Like other animals, humans are thrown into the world without their consent or will and then removed from it—again without their consent or will.

Answer 22

Transcendence

Question 23

Relatedness is Submission vs. Love
Transcendence is Destruct vs. Create
Rootedness is Fixation vs. Wholeness
Sense of Identity is Conform vs. Individuality
Frame of Orientation Irrational Goals vs. Rational Goals

Answer 23

Human Needs

Question 24

As children become more independent of their mothers, they gain more freedom to express their individuality, to move around unsupervised, to choose their friends, clothes, and so on. At the same time, they experience _____; that is, they are free from the security of being one with the mother. On both a social and an individual level, this burden of freedom results in basic anxiety, the feeling of being alone in the world.

Answer 24

The Burden of Freedom

Question 25

Authoritarianism
Destructiveness
Conformity

Answer 25

Mechanisms of Escape

Question 26

“tendency to give up the independence of one’s own individual self and to fuse one’s self with somebody or something outside oneself, in order to acquire the strength which the individual is lacking”

Answer 26

Authoritarianism

Question 27

Authoritarianism: results from basic feelings of powerlessness, weakness, and inferiority and is aimed at
joining the self to a more powerful person or institution

Answer 27

Masochism

Question 28

1 Need to make others dependent on oneself
2 Compulsion to exploit others
3 Desire to see others suffer

Answer 28

Sadism

Question 29

Mechanism of Escape: rooted in the feelings of aloneness, isolation, and powerlessness.

Answer 29

Destructiveness

Question 30

Mechanism of Escape: The more they conform, the more powerless they feel; the more powerless they feel, the more they must conform.

Solution _____.

Answer 30

Positive Freedom

Question 31

Nonproductive Orientations

The Productive Orientation

Answer 31

Character Orientations

Question 32

_____ defined personality as “the totality of inherited and acquired psychic qualities which are characteristic of one individual and which make the individual unique”.

Answer 32

Fromm

Question 33

“the relatively permanent system of all noninstinctual strivings through which man relates himself to the human and natural world”.

Answer 33

Character

Question 34

People relate to the world in two ways—by acquiring and using things _____ and by relating to self and others _____.

Answer 34

Assimilation, Socialization

Question 35

Receptive
Exploitative
Hoarding
Marketing

Answer 35

Nonproductive Orientations

Question 36

Work
Love
Reasoning

Answer 36

The Productive Orientation

Question 37

Necrophilia
Malignant Narcissism - hypochondriasis, neurotic claims
Incestuous Symbiosis

Answer 37

Personality Disorders

Question 38

Some pathologic individuals possess all three personality disorders is called _____.

Answer 38

Syndrome of Decay

Question 39

Syndrome of Growth

Answer 39

Biophilia, Love, and Positive Freedom.

Question 40

Compared with Freud, Fromm was much more concerned with the _____ aspects of a therapeutic encounter.

Answer 40

interpersonal

Question 41

Patients come to therapy seeking satisfaction of their ______—relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, a sense of identity, and a frame of orientation

Answer 41

basic human needs

Question 42

Fromm asked patients to reveal their ______. He believed that _____, as well as fairy tales and myths, are expressed in symbolic language—the only universal language humans have developed.

Answer 42

dreams

Question 43

Not all dream symbols, however, are universal; some are accidental and depend on the dreamer’s _____ before going to sleep; others are regional or national and depend on climate, geography, and dialect.

Answer 43

mood

Question 44

Social Character in a Mexican Village

A Psychohistorical Study of Hitler

Answer 44

Methods of Investigation

Question 45

Most brilliant _____ of all personality theorist.

Answer 45

essayist