Chapter 6: Humanistic Psychoanalysis (Erich Fromm) Flashcards
_____ contributes to feelings of loneliness, isolation, and homelessness.
Self-awareness
Trained in Freudian psychoanalysis and influenced by Karl Marx, _____, and other socially-oriented theorists, Fromm developed a theory of personality that emphasizes the influence of sociobiological factors, history, economics, and class structure
Karen Horney
_____ assumes that humanity’s separation from the natural world has produced feelings of loneliness and isolation, a condition called basic anxiety.
humanistic psychoanalysis
He recalled that he had “very _____ parents” and that he was “probably a rather unbearably _____ child”.
neurotic, neurotic
Fromm believed that humans, unlike other animals, have been “torn away” from their prehistoric union with ______.
nature
They have no powerful instincts to adapt to a changing world; instead, they have acquired the facility to reason—a condition Fromm called the _____.
human dilemma
The human ability to reason, therefore, is both a _____.
blessing and a curse
On one hand, it permits people to survive, but on the other, it forces them to attempt to solve basic insoluble dichotomies
existential dichotomies
The first and most fundamental dichotomy is that between _____.
life and death
A second existential dichotomy is that humans are capable of conceptualizing the goal of _____, but we also are aware that life is too short to reach that goal.
complete self-realization
The third existential dichotomy is that _____, yet we cannot tolerate isolation
people are ultimately alone
As animals, humans are motivated by such physiological needs as hunger, sex, and safety; but they can never resolve their human dilemma by satisfying these animal needs.
Human Needs
Healthy individuals are better able to find ways of reuniting with the world by productively solving the human needs of relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, a sense of identity, and a frame of orientation.
Fromm STFRR
The first human, or existential, need is _____, the drive for union with another person or other persons.
relatedness
Fromm postulated three basic ways in which a person may relate to the world: (1) submission, (2) power, and (3) love.
submission, power, and love
“In this way he transcends the separateness of his individual existence by becoming part of somebody or something bigger than himself and experiences his identity in
connection with the power to which he has submitted”.
Submission
Whereas submissive people search for a relationship with domineering people, welcome submissive partners.
Power
The two partners “live on each other and from each other, satisfying their craving for closeness, yet suffering from the lack of inner strength and self-reliance which would require freedom and independence”.
symbiotic relationship
Fromm believed that _____ is the only route by which a person can become united with the world and, at the same time, achieve individuality and integrity.
love
_____ involves sharing and communion with another, yet it allows a person the freedom to be unique and separate.
Love
In The Art of Loving, Fromm identified _____ as four basic elements common to all forms of genuine love.
care, responsibility, respect, and knowledge
Like other animals, humans are thrown into the world without their consent or will and then removed from it—again without their consent or will.
Transcendence
Relatedness is Submission vs. Love
Transcendence is Destruct vs. Create
Rootedness is Fixation vs. Wholeness
Sense of Identity is Conform vs. Individuality
Frame of Orientation Irrational Goals vs. Rational Goals
Human Needs
As children become more independent of their mothers, they gain more freedom to express their individuality, to move around unsupervised, to choose their friends, clothes, and so on. At the same time, they experience _____; that is, they are free from the security of being one with the mother. On both a social and an individual level, this burden of freedom results in basic anxiety, the feeling of being alone in the world.
The Burden of Freedom
