Chapter 5: Psychoanalytic Social Theory (Karen Horney) Flashcards
Social and cultural conditions, especially childhood experiences, are largely responsible for _____.
shaping personality
People who do not have their needs for love and affection satisfied during childhood develop basic hostility toward their parents and, as a consequence, suffer from _____.
basic anxiety
In 1950, Horney published her most important work, _____.
Neurosis and Human Growth
_____, especially early childhood experiences, plays a leading role in shaping human personality, either neurotic or healthy.
Culture
Horney, then, agreed with Freud that early childhood traumas are important, but she differed from him in her insistence that social rather than _____ forces are paramount in personality development.
biological
She stressed the view that psychoanalysis should move beyond instinct theory and emphasize the importance of _____ influences in shaping personality.
cultural
Man is ruled not by the pleasure principle alone but by two guiding principles: _____.
safety and satisfaction
She claimed that _____ are not the result of instincts but rather of the person’s “attempt to find paths through a wilderness full of unknown dangers”.
neuroses
Although Horney did not overlook the importance of _____ factors, she repeatedly emphasized cultural influences as the primary bases for both neurotic and normal personality development
genetic
Modern culture, she contended, is based on _____ among individuals. “Everyone is a real or potential competitor of everyone else”.
competition
Horney believed that neurotic conflict can stem from almost any developmental stage, but _____ is the age from which the vast majority of problems arise.
childhood
_____ is a defense against the real or imagined hostility of others and takes the form of a tendency to dominate others;
Power
_____ is a protection against humiliation and is expressed as a tendency to humiliate others;
Prestige
_____ acts as a buffer against destitution and poverty and manifest itself as a tendency to deprive others.
Possession
Protective devices to guard against the rejection, hostility, and competitiveness of others.
Compulsive Drives
Horney insisted that _____ do not enjoy misery and suffering
neurotics
Horney tentatively identified 10 categories of neurotic needs that characterize neurotics in their attempts to combat basic _____.
anxiety
Two important intrapsychic conflicts: the _____.
idealized self-image and self-hatred.
Three aspects of the idealized image:
(1) the neurotic search for glory, (2) neurotic claims, and (3) neurotic pride.
As neurotics come to believe in the reality of their idealized self, they begin to incorporate it into all aspects of their lives—their goals, their self-concept, and their relations with others
Neurotic search for glory
The neurotic search for glory includes three other elements: the need for _____, neurotic _____, and the drive toward a _____.
perfection, ambition, vindictive triumph
Horney referred to this drive as the tyranny of the should. Striving toward an imaginary picture of perfection, neurotics unconsciously tell themselves: “Forget about the disgraceful creature you actually are; this is how you should be”.
Need for Perfection
The compulsive drive toward superiority. A second key element in the neurotic search for glory.
Neurotic Ambition
The third aspect of the neurotic search for glory, the most destructive element of all. Disguised as a drive for achievement or success but “its chief aim is to put others to shame or defeat them through one’s very success
Vindictive Triumph
A second aspect of the idealized image is _____. In their search for glory, neurotics build a fantasy world—a world that is out of sync with the real world
neurotic claims
The third aspect of an idealized image is _____. Try to become associated with socially prominent and prestigious institutions
neurotic pride
People with a neurotic search for glory can never be happy with themselves because when they realize that their real self does not match the insatiable demands of their idealized self, they will begin to hate and despise themselves.
Self-Hatred
Horney recognized _____ major ways in which people express self-hatred
six
For Horney, psychic differences between men and women are not the result of anatomy but rather of cultural and social expectations.
Feminine Psychology
Although Horney recognized the existence of the Oedipus complex, she insisted that it was due to certain _____ conditions and not to biology.
environmental
In fact, boys sometimes do express a desire to have a baby, but this desire is not the result of a universal male _____.
“womb envy”.
Horney agreed with Adler that many women possess a _____.
masculine protest
More specifically, the aim is to have patients give up their idealized self-image, relinquish their neurotic search for glory, and change self-hatred to an acceptance of the real self.
Horneyian therapy
Although a therapist can help encourage patients toward self-understanding, ultimately successful therapy is built on _____.
self-analysis
Horney saw _____ as attempts to solve conflicts, but the solutions can be either neurotic or healthy. When therapists provide a correct interpretation, patients are helped toward a better understanding of their real self
dreams
High levels of neuroticism are associated with experiencing more negative emotion and being more likely to develop _____ disorder.
generalized anxiety
