Chapter 5: Psychoanalytic Social Theory (Karen Horney)

Question 1

Social and cultural conditions, especially childhood experiences, are largely responsible for _____.

Answer 1

shaping personality

Question 2

People who do not have their needs for love and affection satisfied during childhood develop basic hostility toward their parents and, as a consequence, suffer from _____.

Answer 2

basic anxiety

Question 3

In 1950, Horney published her most important work, _____.

Answer 3

Neurosis and Human Growth

Question 4

_____, especially early childhood experiences, plays a leading role in shaping human personality, either neurotic or healthy.

Answer 4

Culture

Question 5

Horney, then, agreed with Freud that early childhood traumas are important, but she differed from him in her insistence that social rather than _____ forces are paramount in personality development.

Answer 5

biological

Question 6

She stressed the view that psychoanalysis should move beyond instinct theory and emphasize the importance of _____ influences in shaping personality.

Answer 6

cultural

Question 7

Man is ruled not by the pleasure principle alone but by two guiding principles: _____.

Answer 7

safety and satisfaction

Question 8

She claimed that _____ are not the result of instincts but rather of the person’s “attempt to find paths through a wilderness full of unknown dangers”.

Answer 8

neuroses

Question 9

Although Horney did not overlook the importance of _____ factors, she repeatedly emphasized cultural influences as the primary bases for both neurotic and normal personality development

Answer 9

genetic

Question 10

Modern culture, she contended, is based on _____ among individuals. “Everyone is a real or potential competitor of everyone else”.

Answer 10

competition

Question 11

Horney believed that neurotic conflict can stem from almost any developmental stage, but _____ is the age from which the vast majority of problems arise.

Answer 11

childhood

Question 12

_____ is a defense against the real or imagined hostility of others and takes the form of a tendency to dominate others;

Answer 12

Power

Question 13

_____ is a protection against humiliation and is expressed as a tendency to humiliate others;

Answer 13

Prestige

Question 14

_____ acts as a buffer against destitution and poverty and manifest itself as a tendency to deprive others.

Answer 14

Possession

Question 15

Protective devices to guard against the rejection, hostility, and competitiveness of others.

Answer 15

Compulsive Drives

Question 16

Horney insisted that _____ do not enjoy misery and suffering

Answer 16

neurotics

Question 17

Horney tentatively identified 10 categories of neurotic needs that characterize neurotics in their attempts to combat basic _____.

Answer 17

anxiety

Question 18

Two important intrapsychic conflicts: the _____.

Answer 18

idealized self-image and self-hatred.

Question 19

Three aspects of the idealized image:

Answer 19

(1) the neurotic search for glory, (2) neurotic claims, and (3) neurotic pride.

Question 20

As neurotics come to believe in the reality of their idealized self, they begin to incorporate it into all aspects of their lives—their goals, their self-concept, and their relations with others

Answer 20

Neurotic search for glory

Question 21

The neurotic search for glory includes three other elements: the need for _____, neurotic _____, and the drive toward a _____.

Answer 21

perfection, ambition, vindictive triumph

Question 22

Horney referred to this drive as the tyranny of the should. Striving toward an imaginary picture of perfection, neurotics unconsciously tell themselves: “Forget about the disgraceful creature you actually are; this is how you should be”.

Answer 22

Need for Perfection

Question 23

The compulsive drive toward superiority. A second key element in the neurotic search for glory.

Answer 23

Neurotic Ambition

Question 24

The third aspect of the neurotic search for glory, the most destructive element of all. Disguised as a drive for achievement or success but “its chief aim is to put others to shame or defeat them through one’s very success

Answer 24

Vindictive Triumph

Question 25

A second aspect of the idealized image is _____. In their search for glory, neurotics build a fantasy world—a world that is out of sync with the real world

Answer 25

neurotic claims

Question 26

The third aspect of an idealized image is _____. Try to become associated with socially prominent and prestigious institutions

Answer 26

neurotic pride

Question 27

People with a neurotic search for glory can never be happy with themselves because when they realize that their real self does not match the insatiable demands of their idealized self, they will begin to hate and despise themselves.

Answer 27

Self-Hatred

Question 28

Horney recognized _____ major ways in which people express self-hatred

Answer 28

six

Question 29

For Horney, psychic differences between men and women are not the result of anatomy but rather of cultural and social expectations.

Answer 29

Feminine Psychology

Question 30

Although Horney recognized the existence of the Oedipus complex, she insisted that it was due to certain _____ conditions and not to biology.

Answer 30

environmental

Question 31

In fact, boys sometimes do express a desire to have a baby, but this desire is not the result of a universal male _____.

Answer 31

“womb envy”.

Question 32

Horney agreed with Adler that many women possess a _____.

Answer 32

masculine protest

Question 33

More specifically, the aim is to have patients give up their idealized self-image, relinquish their neurotic search for glory, and change self-hatred to an acceptance of the real self.

Answer 33

Horneyian therapy

Question 34

Although a therapist can help encourage patients toward self-understanding, ultimately successful therapy is built on _____.

Answer 34

self-analysis

Question 35

Horney saw _____ as attempts to solve conflicts, but the solutions can be either neurotic or healthy. When therapists provide a correct interpretation, patients are helped toward a better understanding of their real self

Answer 35

dreams

Question 36

High levels of neuroticism are associated with experiencing more negative emotion and being more likely to develop _____ disorder.

Answer 36

generalized anxiety