Chapter 8: Post-Freudian Theory (Erik Erikson) Flashcards
Erik Erikson, the person who coined the term _____.
identity crisis
Freud believed that, for psychologically healthy people, the ego is sufficiently developed to rein in the id.
In contrast, Erikson held that our ego is a positive force that creates a _____, a sense of “I”. As the center of our personality.
self-identity
During _____, the ego is weak, pliable, and fragile; but by adolescence it should begin to take form and gain strength.
childhood
Erikson identified three interrelated aspects of ego:
body, ideal, and identity
Interrelated aspects of ego: a way of seeing our physical self as different for other people. We may be satisfied or dissatisfied with the way our body looks and functions, but we recognize that it is the only body we will ever have.
Body Ego
Interrelated aspects of ego: e image we have of ourselves in comparison with an established ideal; it is responsible for our being satisfied or dissatisfied not only with our physical self but with our entire personal identity.
Ego Ideal
Interrelated aspects of ego: image we have of ourselves in the variety of social roles we play.
Ego Identity
An illusion perpetrated and perpetuated by a particular society that it is somehow chosen to be the human species.
Pseudospecies
Erikson believed that the ego develops throughout the various stages of life according to an _____, a term borrowed from embryology.
Epigenetic Principle
At each stage, the conflict between the dystonic and syntonic elements produces an ego quality or ego strength, which Erikson referred to as a _____.
Basic Strength
Too little basic strength at any one stage results in a _____ for that stage.
Core Pathology
Events in _____ stages do not cause later personality development. Ego identity is shaped by a multiplicity of conflicts and events—past, present, and anticipated.
earlier
- Infancy (0-1) Oral Stage
Basic Strength: Hope
Core Pathology: Withdrawal
- Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust
- Early Childhood (2-3) Anal Stage
Anal-Urethral-Muscular Mode — body ego movement, self-expression. Curiosity, hiya effect
Basic Strength: Will
Core Pathology: Compulsion
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- Play Age (3-5) Phallic phase
Genital-Locomotor Mode — role playing, storytelling, imagination, papagalitan pag nag linis, wala nang na start na project
Basic Strength: Purpose
Core Pathology: Inhibition
- Initiative vs. Guilt
_____ is a drama played out in the child’s imagination and includes the budding understanding of such basic concepts as reproduction, growth, future, and death.
Oedipus Complex by Erik
Play age is also the stage in which children are developing a conscience and beginning to attach labels such as right and wrong to their behavior. This youthful conscience becomes the “cornerstone of _____”
morality
- School Age (12-13) Latency
— social interaction, friends, competent enough to do roles, masipag feedback, or discouraged, tahimik
Basic Strength: Competence
Core Pathology: Inertia
- Industry vs. Inferiority
They may become preoccupied with infantile genital and Oedipal fantasies and spend most of their time in nonproductive play. This regression is called _____, the antithesis of competence and the core pathology of the school age.
inertia
- Adolescence (14-18) Genital Stage
— most crucial developmental stages because, by the end of this period, a person must gain a firm sense of identity. Trial and error. Who you are vs who you are not. Religion.
Basic Strength: Fidelity - faith in one’s ideology
Core Pathology: Role Reputation - Diffidence and Defiant
- Identity vs. Identity Confusion
______, defined as genital maturation, plays a relatively minor role in Erikson’s concept of adolescence.
Puberty
- Young Adulthood (19-39)
— competition with someone, me time
Basic Strength: Love
Core Pathology: Exclusivity - excludes people
- Intimacy vs. Isolation
______ can develop only during young adulthood when it is distinguished by mutual trust and a stable sharing of sexual satisfactions with a loved person.
True genitality
- Adulthood (31-60)
— Societal roles, procreativity, to care for the welfare, generating ideas and taking care of the next generation. If not satisfied, hoarding, wapakels, selfish, self-absorption,
Basic Strength: Care
Core Pathology: Rejectivity - violent, hatred
- Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Old Age (60-Death)
- depressing, needs strong ego (intimacy and generativity)
Basic Strength: Wisdom
Core Pathology: Disdain - naiinis sa bata/iba, inggit sa lakas ng iba
- Integrity vs. Despair
The final psychosexual stage is generalized sensuality. Erikson had little to say about this mode of psychosexual life, but one may infer that it means to take pleasure in a variety of different physical sensations—sights, sounds, tastes, odors, embraces, and perhaps genital stimulation.
Generalized Sensuality
Anthropological Studies
Psychohistory
Erikson’s Methods of Investigation
Anthropological Studies: He found that _____ was an expression of an extreme dependency the Sioux had developed as a result of their reliance on various federal government programs.
apathy
Erikson was able to show that _____ training was consistent with this strong cultural value and that history and society helped shape personality.
early childhood
The discipline called _____ is a controversial field that combines psychoanalytic concepts with historical methods.
psychohistory
Erikson defined ______ as “the study of individual and collective life with the combined methods of psychoanalysis and history”
psychohistory
According to Erikson, _____ developed basic strengths from his several identity crises.
Mahatma Gandhi
Dan McAdams and his colleagues have been major figures in research on generativity and have developed the _____ to measure it.
Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS)
The scale measures several aspects of generativity, including concern for the next generation; creating and maintaining objects and things; and person narration: that is, the subjective story or theme that an adult creates about providing for the next generation
Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS)
a“_____ are our combined destiny”
Anatomy, history, and personality
