Chapter 1: Sigmund Freud

Question 1

Overview: Psychoanalysis could not be subjected to eclecticism. True or False.

Answer 1

True.

Question 2

Overview: Relied more on which type of reasoning.

Answer 2

Deductive Reasoning.

Question 3

Overview: Famous French Neurologist from whom Freud learned the hypnotic technique for treating hysteria.

Answer 3

Jean-Martin Charcot.

Question 4

Overview: A disorder typically characterized by paralysis or the improper functioning of certain parts of the body.

Answer 4

Hysteria.

Question 5

Overview: What is Hysteria called today?

Answer 5

Conversion Disorder AKA Functional Neurological Disorder

Question 6

A well-known Viennese physician who is 14 years older who taught Freud about Catharsis—the process of removing hysterical symptoms through “talking them out.”

Answer 6

Josef Breuer.

Question 7

Wandering Womb.

Answer 7

Hysteria.

Question 8

Believed that Freud suffered from a severe psychoneurosis
during the late 1890s, although Max Schur, Freud’s personal physician during the final decade of his life, contended that his illness was due to a cardiac lesion, aggravated by addiction to nicotine.

Answer 8

Ernest Jones.

Question 9

Why did Freud have difficulties with so many former friends?

Answer 9

“It is not the scientific differences that are so important; it is usually some other kind of animosity, jealousy or revenge, that gives the impulse to enmity. The scientific differences come later”.

Question 10

Wednesday Psychological Society, formed by 5 men, with Freud as discussion leader.

Answer 10

Freud, Alfred Adler, Wilhelm Stekel, Max Kahane, and Rudolf Reitler.

Question 11

Freud and his followers founded with Carl Jung of Zürich as president.

Answer 11

International Psychoanalytic Association. (IPA)

Question 12

Levels of Mental Life.

Answer 12

Unconscious and Conscious.

Question 13

Levels of Mental Life: 2 different levels of Unconscious.

Answer 13

Unconscious proper and preconscious.

Question 14

Levels of Mental Life: Inherited unconscious images that originated from the experiences of our early ancestors that have been passed on to us through hundreds of generations of repetition.

Answer 14

Phylogenetic Endowment.

Question 15

Levels of Mental Life: 2 sources of Preconscious contents.

Answer 15

1. Conscious Perception - what a person perceives
2. Unconscious - ideas can slip past the vigilant censor and enter into the preconscious in a disguised form.

Question 16

Levels of Mental Life: Ideas can reach consciousness from 2 different directions.

Answer 16

1. Perceptual Conscious System - what we perceive through our sense organs, if not too threatening, enters into consciousness.
2. Within the mental structure - includes
   nonthreatening ideas from the preconscious as well as menacing but well-disguised images from
   the unconscious.

Question 17

Provinces of the Mind.

Answer 17

das Es or ID
das Ich or Ego
das Uber-Ich or Super Ego

Question 18

Refer to the structure or composition of personality.

Answer 18

Levels of Mental Life

Provinces of the Mind.

Question 19

Dynamics of Personality, or

Answer 19

Motivational Principle.

Question 20

4 Dynamics of Personality

Answer 20

Drives, Sex, Aggression, and Anxiety

Question 21

Dynamics of Personality: Trieb refers to a drive or a stimulus within the person.

2 Major Headings: sex or Eros and aggression, distraction, or Thanatos.

Answer 21

Drive

Question 22

A drive’s amount of force it exerts.

Answer 22

Impetus.

Question 23

Region of the body in a state of excitation or tension.

Answer 23

Source.

Question 24

To seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing the tension.

Answer 24

Aim.

Question 25

The person or thing that serves as the means through which the aim is satisfied.

Answer 25

Object.

Question 26

4 forms of Sex.

Answer 26

narcissism, love, sadism, and masochism

Question 27

Teasing, gossip, sarcasm, humiliation, humor, and the enjoyment of other people’s suffering. Present in everyone and is the explanation for wars, atrocities, and religious persecution.

Answer 27

Aggression.

Question 28

Final aim of the aggressive drive is

Answer 28

Self-destruction.

Question 29

Stages of Development:

Answer 29

The First 4 or 5 years of life, or the infantile stage, are the most crucial for personality formation.
This stage is followed by a 6- or 7-year period of latency during which time little or no sexual growth takes place.
Then at puberty, a renaissance of sexual life occurs, and the genital stage is ushered in. Psychosexual development eventually culminates in maturity.

Question 30

Masturbation. originated during the ____ stage.

Answer 30

oral

Question 31

Female Oedipus Complex - when the girl holds her mother responsible for bringing her into the world without a penis.

Answer 31

Turned into hostility.

Question 32

Pre-Oedipal girls acknowledge their castration and recognize their inferiority to boys, they will rebel in one of three ways:

Answer 32

1. Give up their sexuality — both the feminine and the masculine dispositions—and
   develop an intense hostility toward their mother
2. Cling defiantly to their masculinity - hoping for a penis and fantasizing about being a man
3. May develop normally

Question 33

Refers to the strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment.

Answer 33

Transference

Question 34

permits patients to more or less relive childhood experiences within the nonthreatening climate of the analytic treatment

Answer 34

Positive transference

Question 35

Form of hostility must be recognized by the therapist and explained to patients so that they can overcome any resistance to treatment

Answer 35

Negative transference

Question 36

Surface meaning or the conscious description is given by the dreamer

Answer 36

Manifest content

Question 37

Refers to its unconscious dream material.

Answer 37

Latent content - only has meaning

Question 38

Exception to the rule that dreams are wish fulfillments.

Answer 38

Patients suffering from a traumatic experience

Question 39

Found in people with posttraumatic stress disorder who repeatedly dream of frightening or traumatic experiences.

Answer 39

Principle of repetition compulsion

Question 40

Dream: unconscious psychic material to adopt a disguised form. The 2 basic ways:

Answer 40

1. Condensation - manifest dream content is not as extensive as the latent level
2. Displacement - dream image is replaced by some other idea only remotely related to it

Question 41

3 typical anxiety dreams:

Answer 41

1 embarrassment dream of nakedness,
2 dreams of the death of a beloved person, and
3 dreams of failing an examination

Question 42

Related Research: The philosopher of science who proposed the criterion of falsifiability, contrasted Freud’s theory with Einstein’s and concluded that the former was not falsifiable and therefore not science.

Answer 42

Karl Popper