Chapter 1: Sigmund Freud Flashcards
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Overview: Psychoanalysis could not be subjected to eclecticism. True or False.
True.
Overview: Relied more on which type of reasoning.
Deductive Reasoning.
Overview: Famous French Neurologist from whom Freud learned the hypnotic technique for treating hysteria.
Jean-Martin Charcot.
Overview: A disorder typically characterized by paralysis or the improper functioning of certain parts of the body.
Hysteria.
Overview: What is Hysteria called today?
Conversion Disorder AKA Functional Neurological Disorder
A well-known Viennese physician who is 14 years older who taught Freud about Catharsis—the process of removing hysterical symptoms through “talking them out.”
Josef Breuer.
Wandering Womb.
Hysteria.
Believed that Freud suffered from a severe psychoneurosis
during the late 1890s, although Max Schur, Freud’s personal physician during the final decade of his life, contended that his illness was due to a cardiac lesion, aggravated by addiction to nicotine.
Ernest Jones.
Why did Freud have difficulties with so many former friends?
“It is not the scientific differences that are so important; it is usually some other kind of animosity, jealousy or revenge, that gives the impulse to enmity. The scientific differences come later”.
Wednesday Psychological Society, formed by 5 men, with Freud as discussion leader.
Freud, Alfred Adler, Wilhelm Stekel, Max Kahane, and Rudolf Reitler.
Freud and his followers founded with Carl Jung of Zürich as president.
International Psychoanalytic Association. (IPA)
Levels of Mental Life.
Unconscious and Conscious.
Levels of Mental Life: 2 different levels of Unconscious.
Unconscious proper and preconscious.
Levels of Mental Life: Inherited unconscious images that originated from the experiences of our early ancestors that have been passed on to us through hundreds of generations of repetition.
Phylogenetic Endowment.
Levels of Mental Life: 2 sources of Preconscious contents.
- Conscious Perception - what a person perceives
- Unconscious - ideas can slip past the vigilant censor and enter into the preconscious in a disguised form.
Levels of Mental Life: Ideas can reach consciousness from 2 different directions.
- Perceptual Conscious System - what we perceive through our sense organs, if not too threatening, enters into consciousness.
- Within the mental structure - includes
nonthreatening ideas from the preconscious as well as menacing but well-disguised images from
the unconscious.
Provinces of the Mind.
das Es or ID
das Ich or Ego
das Uber-Ich or Super Ego
Refer to the structure or composition of personality.
Levels of Mental Life
Provinces of the Mind.
Dynamics of Personality, or
Motivational Principle.
4 Dynamics of Personality
Drives, Sex, Aggression, and Anxiety
Dynamics of Personality: Trieb refers to a drive or a stimulus within the person.
2 Major Headings: sex or Eros and aggression, distraction, or Thanatos.
Drive
A drive’s amount of force it exerts.
Impetus.
Region of the body in a state of excitation or tension.
Source.
To seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing the tension.
Aim.
The person or thing that serves as the means through which the aim is satisfied.
Object.
4 forms of Sex.
narcissism, love, sadism, and masochism
Teasing, gossip, sarcasm, humiliation, humor, and the enjoyment of other people’s suffering. Present in everyone and is the explanation for wars, atrocities, and religious persecution.
Aggression.
Final aim of the aggressive drive is
Self-destruction.
Stages of Development:
The First 4 or 5 years of life, or the infantile stage, are the most crucial for personality formation.
This stage is followed by a 6- or 7-year period of latency during which time little or no sexual growth takes place.
Then at puberty, a renaissance of sexual life occurs, and the genital stage is ushered in. Psychosexual development eventually culminates in maturity.
Masturbation. originated during the ____ stage.
oral
Female Oedipus Complex - when the girl holds her mother responsible for bringing her into the world without a penis.
Turned into hostility.
Pre-Oedipal girls acknowledge their castration and recognize their inferiority to boys, they will rebel in one of three ways:
- Give up their sexuality — both the feminine and the masculine dispositions—and
develop an intense hostility toward their mother - Cling defiantly to their masculinity - hoping for a penis and fantasizing about being a man
- May develop normally
Refers to the strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment.
Transference
permits patients to more or less relive childhood experiences within the nonthreatening climate of the analytic treatment
Positive transference
Form of hostility must be recognized by the therapist and explained to patients so that they can overcome any resistance to treatment
Negative transference
Surface meaning or the conscious description is given by the dreamer
Manifest content
Refers to its unconscious dream material.
Latent content - only has meaning
Exception to the rule that dreams are wish fulfillments.
Patients suffering from a traumatic experience
Found in people with posttraumatic stress disorder who repeatedly dream of frightening or traumatic experiences.
Principle of repetition compulsion
Dream: unconscious psychic material to adopt a disguised form. The 2 basic ways:
- Condensation - manifest dream content is not as extensive as the latent level
- Displacement - dream image is replaced by some other idea only remotely related to it
3 typical anxiety dreams:
1 embarrassment dream of nakedness,
2 dreams of the death of a beloved person, and
3 dreams of failing an examination
Related Research: The philosopher of science who proposed the criterion of falsifiability, contrasted Freud’s theory with Einstein’s and concluded that the former was not falsifiable and therefore not science.
Karl Popper
