Chapter 16: Cognitive Social Learning Theory (Rotter) Flashcards
The cognitive social learning theories of Julian Rotter and Walter Mischel each rest on the assumption that _____ help shape how people will react to environmental forces.
cognitive factors
Both theorists object to Skinner’s explanation that behavior is shaped by immediate reinforcement and instead suggest that one’s _____ of future events are prime determinants of performance.
expectations
Mischel’s _____ theory has much in common with Bandura’s social cognitive theory and Rotter’s social learning theory
cognitive social
Julian B. Rotter, the author of the _____ scale.
locus of control
Five Basic Hypothesis of Social Learning Theory:
- Our reaction depends on how the env’t means for us
- Personality is learned, it can be changed
- Personality has unity, may stability. We learn thru exps and personality becomes more stable
- We are not motivated to reduce tension. We are motivated to achieve a goal.
- We can anticipate events.
- Humans interact with their meaningful environments.
- Human personality is learned.
- Personality has a basic unity.
- Motivation is goal-directed.
- People are capable of anticipating events.
Social learning theory rests on five basic hypotheses
Predicting Specific Behaviors: 4 variables of Prediction Formula.
- Behavior potential - refers to the likelihood that a given behavior will occur in a particular situation;
- Expectancy - is a person’s expectation of being reinforced;
- Reinforcement value - is the person’s preference for a particular reinforcement;
- Psychological situation - refers to a complex pattern of cues that a person perceives during a specific time period.
- Behavior potential - refers to the likelihood that a given behavior will occur in a particular situation;
- Expectancy - is a person’s expectation of being reinforced;
- Reinforcement value - is the person’s preference for a particular reinforcement;
- Psychological situation - refers to a complex pattern of cues that a person perceives during a specific time period.
Predicting Specific Behaviors: 4 variables of Prediction Formula.
The ______ in any situation is a function of both expectancy and reinforcement value.
For example, in order to earn good grades a student can rely on any number of possible behaviors, such as studying, cheating, skipping class to avoid a bad grade, etc.
behavior potential
_____ refers to a person’s expectation that some specific reinforcement or set of reinforcements will occur in a given situation.
The probability is not determined by the individual’s history of reinforcements, as Skinner contended, but is subjectively held by the person.
Expectancy (E)
- Generalized expectancies (GEs) - nagaral ng mabuti maganda grades, expected may reward in the future
- Specific expectancies (E prime) - same sa generalized pero pag ginawa niya sa specific, di same ang reward
- Total expectancy
Expectancy
Another variable in the prediction formula is _____, which is the preference a person attaches to any reinforcement when the probabilities for the occurrence of a number of different reinforcements are all equal.
reinforcement value (RV)
What determines the reinforcement value for any event, condition, or action? (3)
- individual’s perception
- one’s needs - mas food seeking ung tomguts kesa sa di gaanong tomguts
- expected consequences for future reinforcements
The fourth variable in the prediction formula is the _____, defined as that part of the external and internal world to which a person is responding.
It is not synonymous with external stimuli, although physical events are usually important to the psychological situation.
Psychological situation (s)
The _____ is “a complex set of interacting cues acting upon an individual for any specific time period”. People do not behave in a vacuum; instead, they respond to cues within their perceived environment.
psychological situation
Generalized Expectancies
Needs
Predicting General Behaviors
Predicting General Behaviors: People’s expectations based from similar past experiences wherein a given behavior will be reinforced. It includes people’s needs, that is, behaviors that allow them to move toward a goal.
Generalized Expectancies
