Chapter 9: Gender dysphoria, Paraphilia, Sexual Disorders

Question 1

What is gender identity?

Answer 1

One’s psychological sense of being male, female, intersex, nonbinary, etc.

Question 2

What is gender dysphoria?

Answer 2

Disorder in which an individual experiences significant personal distress or impaired functioning as a result of a discrepency between their anatomic sex and gender identity.

Question 3

What is transgender identity?

Answer 3

Type of gender in which the indiviudal has the psychological sense of belonging to the gender opposite of their anatomical sex.

Question 4

When does gender dysphoria typically begin?

Answer 4

Childhood.

Question 5

What gender is dysphoria greatest in?

Answer 5

Men.

Question 6

What is the psychodynamic perspective on gender dysphoria?

Answer 6

Extremely close mother-son relationships, parents with empty relationships, fathers who were absent or detached.

Question 7

What is the learning perspective on gender dysphoria?

Answer 7

Unavailability of a strong male role model.

Question 8

What is the treatment for gender dysphoria?

Answer 8

Hormone therapy
Living as identified gender
Sex reassignment
Psychotherapy

Question 9

What are paraphilic disorders?

Answer 9

Recurrent sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving inappropriate or inanimate things.

Question 10

What is the gender of the majority of people with paraphilic disorders?

Answer 10

Male.

Question 11

What is exhibitionist disorder?

Answer 11

Recurrent, powerful urges to expose one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger.

Question 12

What is fetishistic disorder?

Answer 12

Recurrent, powerful sexual urges and arousing fantasies involving inanimate objects or nongenital body parts. Thought to be a type of conditioning.

Question 13

What is transvestic disorder?

Answer 13

Recurrent, powerful urges and related fantasies involving cross-dressing for purpose of sexual arousal. Most men with this disorder are heterosexual.

Question 14

What is voyeuristic disorder?

Answer 14

Recurrent, powerful sexual urges and related fanatsies involve watching unsuspecting people engage in sexual activity or disrobe.

Question 15

What is frotteuristic disorder?

Answer 15

Recurrent sexual urges or sexually arousing fantasies involving bumping and rubbing against nonconsenting victims for sexual gratification.

Think cars, subways, buses, elevators.

Question 16

What is pedophilic disorder?

Answer 16

Sexual urges or fantasies involving prepubescent children.

Question 17

What is diagnostic criteria for pedophilic disorder?

Answer 17

Must be at least 16 and 5 years older than victim.

Extensive use of child pornography.

Question 18

Who is the typical indiviudal diagnosed with pedophilic disorder?

Answer 18

Law-abiding males in 30s-40s, married or divorded with children.

Question 19

What are the effects of child sexual abuse?

Answer 19

Psychological problems
Eating disorders
Premature sexual behavior
Drug abuse
Suicidal ideation
PTSD

Question 20

What is sexual masochism disorder?

Answer 20

Urges or fantasies involving suffering or being hurt in some way to obtain sexual gratification.

Question 21

What is hypoxyphilia?

Answer 21

Masochistic disorder in which a person achieves sexual gratification from being deprived of oxygen.

Question 22

What is sexual sadism disorder?

Answer 22

Sexual urges or fantasies involving inflicting pain on partners for sexual gratification.

Question 23

What is telephone scatologia?

Answer 23

Obscene phone calls.

Question 24

What is necrophilia?

Answer 24

Sexual urges or fantasies about sexual contact with corpses.

Question 25

What is zoophilia?

Answer 25

Sexual urges or fantasies about sexual contact with animals

Question 26

What is coprophilia?

Answer 26

Sexual urges or fantasies involving feces.

Question 27

What is the psychodynamic perspective on paraphilic disorders?

Answer 27

Castration anxiety from oedipal period.

Question 28

What is the learning perspective on paraphilic disorder?

Answer 28

Conditioning and observational learning.

Question 29

What is the biological perspective on paraphilic disorders?

Answer 29

Higher sex drive in males, differences in brainwave patterns.

Question 30

What is the treatment for paraphilic disorders?

Answer 30

Psychoanalysis, CBT, anti-depressants or anti-anxiety medication, antiandrogen to reduce testosterone.

Question 31

What are the three levels of sexual assault?

Answer 31

1: non-consensual bodily contact for sexual purpose. 2. Assault in a weapon. 3. Aggravated; physical harm and/or threat of death.

Question 32

How many incidences of sexual assault are reported to the police?

Answer 32

1/20

Question 33

In how many cases is the woman acquainted with the assailant?

Answer 33

80%

Question 34

What is the theoretical perspective on sexual assault?

Answer 34

Driven by the desire to dominate women or express hatred toward them.

Question 35

What is treatment for sexual-assault survivors?

Answer 35

``` Crisis intervention (emotional support) Long-term treatment with therapy. ```

Question 36

What is sexual dysfunction?

Answer 36

Problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response.

Question 37

What is the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in men and women?

Answer 37

40% women | 20-30% men

Question 38

What are the three types of sexual dysfunction?

Answer 38

1. Problems with sexual interest or arousal 2. Problem with orgasmic response 3. Problems with penetration.

Question 39

What is the biological perspective on sexual dysfunction disorders?

Answer 39

Testosterone levels in men and women. Thyroid overactivity or underactivity Diabetes Medical conditions

Question 40

What is the learning perspective on sexual dysfunction disorders?

Answer 40

Conditioned anxiety

Question 41

What is the cognitive perspective on sexual dysfunction disorders?

Answer 41

Irrational beliefs and attitudes, performance anxiety

Question 42

What are treatment options for sexual dysfunction disorders?

Answer 42

``` Sex therapy Relaxation techniques Masturbation Stop-and-go technique Viagra/cialis. ```

Question 43

What is sex addiction?

Answer 43

Disorder causing impairment and distress characterized by frequent and uncontrolled sexual activity.