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PSYCO 239 > Chapter 2: Classification and Treatment. > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Classification and Treatment. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three forms of assessment reliability?

A
  1. Internal Consistency.
  2. Temporal Stability.
  3. Interrater Reliability.
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2
Q

What are the three forms of assessment validity?

A
  1. Content validity.
  2. Criterion validity.
  3. Construct validity.
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3
Q

What are the three sociocultural and ethnic problems in the assessment of abnormal behavior?

A
  1. Techniques may be reliable and valid in one culture, but not another.
  2. Most diagnostic instruments fail to provide adequate norms for different cultural groups.
  3. Problems can arise when interviews are conducted in a language other than the client’s mother tongue.
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4
Q

What is a clinical interview?

A

The most widely used method of assessment; gathers information about present complaints, precipitating events, and how problems affect daily life.

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5
Q

What are the three major types of clinic interviews?

A
  1. Unstructured.
  2. Semi-structured.
  3. Structured.
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6
Q

What is the unstructured interview?

A

The interviewers determine which questions to ask instead of following a standard interview format.

Typically used in initial intake sessions.

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7
Q

What is the semi-structured interview?

A

The interviewers are guided by a general outline but are free to modify the order in which they ask questions and free to branch off in other directions.

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8
Q

What is the structured interview?

A

The most standardized clinical interview; provides the highest level of reliability and consistency in reaching diagnostic judgments.
The interviewer follows a preset series of questions in a particular order.

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9
Q

What is a mental status examination?

A

An observation-based examination on the appearance, mood, attention, memory, orientation, awareness, and judgement of a client.

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10
Q

What is the rule in regards to therapeutic treatment and assessment? Why is this?

A

Therapy can only be done by the same clinician if they first do an assessment, otherwise there is bias present.

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11
Q

What are the 5 P’s of assessment?

A

Presenting issues: what are the problems?

Precipitating factors: what triggers the problems?

Perpetuating factors: what keeps the problems going?

Predisposing factors: what led to the problems starting?

Protective factors; what are the person’s strengths?

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12
Q

What is the stanford-binet intelligence scale?

A

Scale used to calculate the mental age of an individual. This is seen as the age that is equivalent to the person’s level of intelligence, as measured by performance on the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale.

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13
Q

What are the wechsler scales?

A

Psychological tests of intelligence that include both verbal and performance subtests.

Verbal typically require knowledge of verbal concepts while performance subtests rely on spatial-relations skills.

The tests are divided into three categories for children, kids, and adults.

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14
Q

What are the two forms of psychological tests of personality?

A
  1. Self-report test : MMPI
  2. Projective tests:
    Rorschach Inkblot and TAT.
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15
Q

What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory -2- Restructured form?

A

Self-report test that contains almost 400 true-false statements that assess behavior and relationships characteristic of psychological disorders.

Used as a test of personality, contains validity scales that prevent a taker from ‘faking good’.

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16
Q

What is the Rorschach Inkblot test? What are the downfalls of this test?

A

A subject projective examination that theorizes that a person’s responses to inkblots are used to reveal aspects of personality.

Downfalls: no standardized scoring procedure, subjective, depends on subjective judgement of examiner.

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17
Q

What is the thematic apperception tests?

A

A projective test consisting of cards depicting ambiguous scenes taht requires respondants to construct stories about.

Psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, heavily subjective to bias from the examiner.

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18
Q

What is the house tree persons test?

A

A projective examination that represents ones cognitive, emotional, and social functoning. The client is asked to draw a house, a tree, and a person.

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19
Q

What is a neuropsychological assessment?

A

Examination used to determine if a disorder’s cause is organic:

  • Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
  • LNNB.
  • HRNB.
20
Q

What are behavioral methods of assessment? (Psychometric)

A

Used to identify and measure stable traits in an indiviudal’s personality believed to determine behavior.

  • Rorschach.
  • TAT.
  • MMPI
21
Q

What is the behavioral approach?

A

Behavior is primarily determined by environmental or situational factors, such as stimulus cues and reinforcements.

22
Q

What is a behavioral interview?

A

Approach to a clinical interview that focuses on relating problem behavior to antecedent stimuli and reinforcement consequences.

23
Q

What is direct observation assessment?

A

Behavioral approach form of assessment that does not rely on self-reports. Contains a lack of reliability and validity.

24
Q

What is cognitive assessment?

A

Assessment that involves the assessment of cognitions.

25
Q

What are the three methods of cognitive assessment?

A
  1. Thought diaries.
  2. Automatic thought questionnaires.
  3. Dysfunctional Attitudes scale.
26
Q

What are three forms of physiological measurement?

A
  1. Galvanic skin response (GSR)
  2. Electroencephalograph (EEG).
  3. Electromyograph (EMG)
27
Q

What are culture-bound syndromes?

A

Patterns of psychological distress that are limited to one or only a few cultures.

28
Q

What is tajin-kyofu-sho?

A

Japanese culture-bound syndrome features the fear of offending or causing embarrassment to others.

29
Q

What are the 5 specifiers of the DSM? (Symptoms)

A
  1. Course.
  2. Severity.
  3. Frequency.
  4. Duration.
  5. Descriptive features.
30
Q

What are the three major types of mental health professionals?

A

Social workers, Clinical Psychologists, Psychiatrists.

31
Q

What education is required for a clinical psychologist? What is their specialty?

A

Doctoral degree in psychology.

Specialize in administration of psychological tests, diagnosis, therapy.

32
Q

What level of education is required of a psychiatrist? What is their specialty?

A

Medical degree with a residency program in psychiatry.

Specialize in diagnosis and treatment, prescribe drugs and use medical interventions.

33
Q

What education level is required of a social worker? What is their specialty?

A

Master’s degree in social work; conduct psychotherapy in couples or family therapy.

34
Q

What are the three methods of biological therapy?

A
  1. Medication.
  2. Electroconvulsive therapy.
  3. Psychosurgery.
35
Q

What are the methods of psychodynamic therapy?

A

Free association.
Transference.
Dream analysis.
Modern Psychodynamic approaches.

36
Q

What are the methods of behavioral therapy?

A

Systematic desensitization.
Gradual exposure therapy.
Token economies.
Modelling.

37
Q

What are the methods of humanistic-existential therapy?

A

Person-centered therapy.

Emotion-focused therapy.

38
Q

What is the CBT triangle?

A

Miechenbaum’s CBT, integrates cognitive and behavioral influences on emotions.

39
Q

What are the three types of psychotherapy?

A
  1. Eclectic therapy.
  2. Group therapy.
  3. Computer-assissted therapy.
40
Q

When it comes to treatment, what three factors determine validity and reliability of response?

A
  1. Common factors between methods.
  2. Model-specific factors.
  3. Therapist factors.
41
Q

What is the indigenous healing perspective?

A

Mental wellness is a balance of physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional.

Mental wellness is a continuum and multi-leveled.

42
Q

What is the efficacy of psychotherapy?

A

75-80%.

43
Q

What are patient’s rights?

A

Right to treatment, right to refuse treatment.

44
Q

What are the therapist’s obligations?

A

Confidentiality and duty to warn.

45
Q

What is the insanity defense?

A

Defendant pleads guilty but not criminally responsible to a crime on the basis of having a mental disorder.

PSYCO 239 (12 decks)

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