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PSYCO 239 > Chapter 7: Substance Related Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Substance Related Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is polydrug use?

A

Consumption of multiple substances.

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2
Q

What percentage of Canadians aged 15+ are smokers?

A

15%

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3
Q

What is a substance use disorder?

A

Patterns of maladaptive behavior involving the use of psychoactive substances.

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4
Q

What are substance-induced disorders?

A

Disorders induced by the use of psychoactive substances.

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5
Q

What is psychoactive?

A

A term used to describe chemical substances or drugs that have psychological effects.

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6
Q

What are signs of intoxication?

A

Confusion, belligerence, impaired judgement, inattention, impaired motor and spacial skills.

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7
Q

What is withdrawal syndrome?

A

Cluster of withdrawal symptoms following the sudden reduction or abrupt cessation of use of a psychoactive substance after previous prolonged usage.

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8
Q

What are withdrawal symptoms?

A

Dry mouth, tachycardia, anxiety, depression, elevated blood pressure, nausea, weakness, hallucinations.

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9
Q

What are symptoms of chronic alcoholism withdrawal?

A

Tachycardia, delirium, disorientation.

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10
Q

What is tolerance?

A

Physical habituation to a drug such that with frequent use, higher doses are required to achieve the same effect.

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11
Q

What is addiction?

A

Impaired control over the use of a chemical substance accompanied by physiological dependence.

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12
Q

What are depressants?

A

Drugs that lower the level of activity in the central nervous system.

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13
Q

What are risk factors for alcoholism?

A

Gender, age, APD, family history, sociodemographic factors.

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14
Q

What health conditions may be caused by alcoholism?

A 
Cancer
Heart disease, Korsakoff's syndrome
Cirrhosis of liver
Pancreatitis
FAS
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15
Q

What are barbituates?

A

A class of depressants known as sedatives; relieve anxiety and induce sleep. Highly addictive.

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16
Q

When mixed with alcohol, what is the result of consuming barbituates?

A

Massive inhibition in CNS, increased drowsiness/sleep and motor impairment, possible death.

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17
Q

What are opiates?

A

Class of depressant drug derived from opium poppy.

Have strong addictive properties due to pain-killing mechanism.

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18
Q

What are examples of opiates?

A

Morphine, heroin, codeine.

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19
Q

What are narcotics?

A

Drugs used for pain relief/sleep.

20
Q

What are endorphins?

A

Endogenous form of opiates that function similarly n the CNS.

21
Q

What are amphetamines?

A

Class of stimulants that produces a euphoric rush. ie methenphetamine.

22
Q

What are amphetamine abstinence symptoms?

A

Depression, restlessness, increased appetite.

23
Q

What is amphetamine psychosis?

A

Psychotic state induced by ingestion of amphetamine due to increased concentration of dopamine and serotonin in the brain, mimics episodes of schizophrenia.

24
Q

What is cocaine?

A

A natural stimulant (anaesthetic originally) that produces euphoric rush.

25
Q

What is crack?

A

Hardened, smokable form of cocaine.

26
Q

What is freebasing?

A

Cocaine in powder form is heated with ether to free the psychoactive chemical base of the drug, then smoked to intensify the effects.

27
Q

What neurotransmitter does cocaine increase the availability of?

A

Dopamine.

28
Q

What are the immediate symptoms of cocaine use?

A

A rise in blood pressure, constricted blood vessels, accelerated heart rate.

29
Q

What are the symptoms of a cocaine overdose?

A

Restlessness, insomnia, headaches, nausea, convulsions, tremors, hallucinations. Respiratory/cardiovascular collapse.

30
Q

What are the effects of nicotine?

A

Increased alertness, release of epinephrine (generate rapid heartbeat and raise blood glucose)
Releases endorphins

31
Q

What are nicotine withdrawal symptoms?

A

Fatigue, depression, irritability, insomnia, lowered heart rate, increased appetite, sweating, craving.

32
Q

What are hallucinogens?

A

Psychoactive stimulant that induces sensory distortions.

33
Q

What are examples of hallucinogens?

A

LSD, psilocybin, mescaline.

34
Q

What are the effects of LSD?

A

Visual hallucinations (colorful distorions)
Expansion of consciousness
Unpredictable and subject to taker’s mood and cognition

35
Q

What is phencyclidine?

A

Angel dust; PCP, deliriant hallucinogen that produces hallucinations and accelerates heart rate. Causes dissociation.

36
Q

What is marijuana?

A

Cannabis (THC), produces relaxing feelings, and elevates HR and BP.

37
Q

What are the adverse effects of marijuana use?

A

Paranoia and psychotic symptoms.

38
Q

What are inhalants?

A

A class of hallucinogens that are inhaled for psychotic effects; induces intoxication and euphoria.

39
Q

What are adverse effects of inhalants?

A

Impairments in learning and memory, medical illness and even death.

40
Q

What is the biological perspective of substance use disorder?

A

Increased levels of serotonin and dopamine activate the reward system.

41
Q

What is the learning perspective on substance use disorder?

A

Operant conditioning (rewarding feelings).
Negative feelings with withdrawal (negative reinforcement)
Conditioning model of cravings.
Observational learning.

42
Q

What is the cognitive perspective on substance use disorder?

A

Attitudes and beliefs as well as outcome expectancies influence a person’s reliance on drugs. Poor decision making and judgement.

43
Q

What are psychodynamic perspectives on substance use disorders?

A

Oral fixation stage failure.

44
Q

What is the sociocultural perspective on substance use disorder?

A

Cultural group and social factors; peer pressure.

45
Q

What are biological approaches to substance use treatment?

A

Detoxification.
Replacement therapy.
Naloxone (reverses effects of narcotics like opiates)

46
Q

What are cognitive-behavioral approaches to substance abuse treatment?

A

Self-control, cue-exposure training, aversive training.

Relapse prevention training.

47
Q

What are the 6 stages of substance abuse change?

A
  1. No intention.
  2. Contemplation.
  3. Preparation.
  4. Action.
  5. Adaptation/Maintenance
  6. Evaluation.

PSYCO 239 (12 decks)

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