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PSYCO 239 > Chapter 10: Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

Are the rates of schizophrenia different across cultures?

A

No. They are similar in all nations.

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2
Q

What is the likelihood of developing schizophrenia if both parents have schizophrenia?

A

Less than 50%

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3
Q

What sort of family environment increases the risk of relapse?

A

Hostile, critical, and unsupportive environments.

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4
Q

Does medication cure schizophrenia?

A

No, it can only help treat the symptoms.

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5
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

A chronic psychotic disorder characterized by acute episodes involving a break with reality, as manifested by such features as delusions, hallucinations, illogical thinking, incoherent speech, and bizarre behavior.

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6
Q

What was the original term used for schizophrenia?

A

Dementia Praecox

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7
Q

Who first discovered dementia?

A

Emil Kraeplin

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8
Q

What did Eugen Bleuler discover about the clinical features of schizophrenia? (4 A’s)

A

Associations: relationships disturbed
Affect: inappropriate emotional responses
Ambivalence: conflicted feelings toward environemnt
Autism: withdrawal into private world unbound by logic

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9
Q

What are the first rank symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Hallucinations and delusions.

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10
Q

What are the second rank symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Other negative symptoms like social withdrawal that occur with other disorders.

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11
Q

What is the prevalence of schizophrenia?

A

1%

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12
Q

What percentage of people with schizophrenia are unemployed?

A

79%

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13
Q

What is the most common diagnosis of individuals who are involuntarily hospitalized?

A

Schizophrenia.

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14
Q

What percentage of people with schizophrenia abuse substances at some point in their lives?

A

80%

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15
Q

What percentage of individuals with schizophrenia attempt suicide? What percentage of people die?

A

40-60%, 10%

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16
Q

What interferes with the ability of schizophrenic people to acquire housing, employment, and treatment?

A

The stigma of violence.

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17
Q

When is the onset of schizophrenia?

A

Late teens to early 20s.

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18
Q

What gender is more at risk for developing schizophrenia?

A

Men

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19
Q

What is the prodromal stage of schizophrenia?

A
  • Stage in which the early features or signs of a disorder become apparent.
  • Period of decline in functioning that precedes the development of the first acute psychotic episode.
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20
Q

What is the acute phase of schizophrenia?

A

Psychotic symptoms develop, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech and behavior.

21
Q

What is the residual phase of schizophrenia?

A

Follows the acute phase, characterized by a return to a level of functioning typical of the prodromal phase.

22
Q

What are the four major delusions present in schizophrenia?

A

Delusion of persecution
Delusion of grandeur
Delusion of reference
Delusion of being controlled

23
Q

What are other common forms of delusions present in schizophrenia?

A

Thought broadcasting

Thought insertion or withdrawal

24
Q

What is thought broadcasting?

A

Believing that one’s thoughts are somehow transmitted to the external world so that others can overhear them.

25
Q

What is thought insertion?

A

The belief that one’s thoughts have been planted in one’s mind by an external source.

26
Q

What is thought withdrawal?

A

The belief that thoughts have been removed from one’s mind.

27
Q

What is thought disorder?

A

The breakdown in the organization, processing, and control of thoughts. Major feature of schizophrenia.

28
Q

What are neologisms?

A

The coining of new words.

29
Q

What is perseveration?

A

Persistent repetition of the same thought or train of thought.

30
Q

What is clanging?

A

To string words together that rhyme.

31
Q

What is blocking?

A

Involuntary abrupt interruption of speech or thought.

32
Q

What are the four major forms of hallucinations?

A

Visual/Auditory
Tactile/somatic
Gustatory/Olfactory
Command Hallucinations

33
Q

What causes hallucinations?

A

Excess levels of dopamine and receptors

34
Q

What is catatonia?

A

Gross disturbances in motor activity and cognitive function

35
Q

What are examples of catatonia?

A 
Fixed and rigid postures
Odd gestures
bizarre facial expressions
stupor
waxy flexibility
36
Q

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Hallucinations
Delusions
Thought disorder
Disorganized speech/behavior

37
Q

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Social-skill abnormalities/withdrawal
Psychomotor retardation
Failure to experience pleasure

38
Q

What is the psychodynamic perspective on schizophrenia?

A

Overwhelming of the ego by primitive sexual or aggressive drives or impulses arising from the id.

Hostile parent-child relationships cause individual to take refuge in fantasy world.

39
Q

What is primary narcissism?

A

A person’s regression to an early period in the oral stage. Causes primitive impulses and behavior.

40
Q

What is the learning perspective on schizophrenia?

A

Behavior results from lack of social reinforcement which leads to detachment from social environment.

Inappropriate responses to stimuli

41
Q

What is the biological perspective on schizophrenia?

A 
Genetic factors.
Dopamine theory.
Viral infections.
Vitamin D deficiency in prenatal develoment.
Brain abnormalities
42
Q

What brain abnormalities are correlated with schizophrenia?

A

Loss/thinning of grey matter in prefrontal cortex.
Enlarged ventricles
Abnormal functioning

43
Q

What is the family theory about schizophrenia?

A
  1. Schizophrenogenic mother: cold, aloof, overprotective and domineering.
  2. Double-bind communications: mixed messages.
  3. Communication deviance: fragmented parental communication.
  4. Expressed emotion: hostile, critical, unsupportive.
  5. Source of stress/cause of stress.
44
Q

How is schizophrenia treated biologically?

A

Antipsychotic drugs : phenothiazines and haloperidol

45
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia?

A

Movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the face, neck, mouth, and trunk caused by longterm usage of antipsychotics.

46
Q

What are the psychosocial approaches to schizophrenia treatment?

A

Psychoanalysis (might not be effective)

CBT, token economy, social skills training and reinforcement of appropriate behavior.

47
Q

What are forms of psychosocial rehabilitation?

A 
Self-help groups
Family-intervention
Community programs (housing, career opportunities)
Early intervention programs.
48
Q

What are the Canadian treatment guidelines for schizophrenia?

A
  1. Antipsychotic medication
  2. Psychoeducational programs/family therapy
  3. Medical care
  4. Crisis intervention
  5. CBT
  6. Housing.

PSYCO 239 (12 decks)

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