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PSYCO 239 > Chapter 6: Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general descriptor of a personality disorder?

A
  • Inflexible or maladaptive behavior patterns.
  • Cause significant personal distress.
  • Impaired functioning.
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2
Q

When do personality disorders typically become evident?

A

In adolescence and early adulthood, but continue on through much of adult life.

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3
Q

What is the biggest difficulty with treating personality disorders?

A

Traits become so ingrained in an individual that they are highly resistant to change.

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4
Q

What are the three clusters of personality disorders listed by the DSM? Describe each.

A

Cluster A: odd and eccentric.
Cluster B: overly dramatic, emotional, erratic.
Cluster C: anxious or fearful.

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5
Q

What disorders belong to Cluster A?

A

Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal.

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6
Q

What is a paranoid personality disorder? Prevalence? Gender-specificty?

A

Cluster A disorder is characterized by persistent suspiciousness of the motives of others, but not to the point of holding clear cut delusions.

Prevalence in 2.3-4.4%

More common in men.

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7
Q

What is a schizoid personality disorder? Prevalence?

A

Cluster A disorder characterized by detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression, described as a ‘loner’.

Prevalence in 3.1-4.9%

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8
Q

How are people with schizoid personality disorder typically described?

A

Distant and aloof.

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9
Q

What is a shizotypal personality disorder? Prevalence?

A

Cluster A disorder characterized by acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior.

Contain paranoid thinking.

Prevalence is 3%.

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10
Q

What are ideas of reference?

A

A form of delusional thinking in which a person reads personal meaning into the behavior of others or external events that are completely independent of the person.

(The 9/11 bombing was done to threaten ME, they are trying to find and hurt ME)

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11
Q

What disorders are categorized under Cluster B?

A

Antisocial personality disorder, Borderline personality disorder, Histrionic personality disorder, Narcissistic personality disorder.

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12
Q

What is Antisocial personality disorder?

A

Cluster B disorder characterized by a chronic pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others.

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13
Q

What are the key characteristics of APD?

A

Low levels of anxiety in threatening situations, lack of guilt/remorse.
Superficial charm.

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14
Q

What is the prevalence of APD?

A

4.3%

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15
Q

What gender is APD most common in?

A

Men.

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16
Q

What is borderline personality disorder?

A

A cluster B disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, and mood. Maintains a lack of control over impulses.

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17
Q

What are the key characteristics of BPD?

A

Uncertainties about self, loyalties, careers.
Fear of abandonment.
Black-and-White thinking.
Intense and shifting beliefs about others.

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18
Q

What is the prevalence of BPD?

A

1.6-5.9%

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19
Q

What disorder features a common engagement in self-mutilation as a means of manipulating others?

A

BPD.

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20
Q

What is a histrionic personality disorder?

A

Cluster B disorder characterized by the excessive need to be the centre of attention and receive constant praise/approval. Often appear overly dramatic and emotional. More common in women.

21
Q

What is Narcissistic personality disorder?

A

Cluster B disorder characterized by inflated or grandiose sense of themselves and an extreme need for admiration.

Typically self-absorbed, lacking empathy.

22
Q

What is the prevalence of Narcissistic personality disorder? Gender specific?

A

0-6.2%, more than half of diagnosed individuals are men.

23
Q

What disorders are categorized under Cluster C?

A

Avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

24
Q

What is avoidant personality disorder?

A

Cluster C disorder is characterized by the avoidance of social relationships due to fears of rejection and criticism. Fear of public embarrassment.

25
Q

What is the prevalence of avoidant personality disorder? Gender-specific?

A

2.4%. Equal rates among men and women.

26
Q

What is dependent personality disorder?

A

A cluster C disorder is characterized by difficulties making independent decisions and by overly dependent behavior.

Excessive need to be taken care of by others, constantly seeking advice. More common in women.

27
Q

What is an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A

Cluster C disorder characterized by rigid ways of relating to others, perfectionistic tendencies, lack of spontaneity, and excessive attention to details.

28
Q

What is the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder? Gender-specific?

A

2.1-7.9%. More common in men.

29
Q

What is the psychodynamic perspective on personality disorders?

A

Oedipal conflicts explain normal and abnormal personality development (classical)

Development of the sense of self explain disorders such as narcissistic and BPD; (self-psychology)

30
Q

What is splitting?

A

Psychodynamic term used to describe the inability of a person to reconcile the positive and negative aspects of themselves and others to a cohesive (grey) integration, resulting in sudden shifts between strongly positive and negative feelings.

31
Q

What is the learning perspective on personality disorders?

A

Personality disorders are maladaptive patterns of behavior; interest in defining the learning histories and situational factors that give rise to maladaptive behavior and the reinforcers that maintain them.

32
Q

What are the family perspectives on personality disorders?

A

Disturbances in family relationships underlie the development of personality disorders.

Physical/sexual abuse leads to the development of personality disorders. Extreme fears of abandonment lead to failure of secure parental attachment.

33
Q

What are the cognitive-behavioral perspectives of personality disorders?

A

Observation and imitation; people with personality disorders believe that their social experiences influence their behavior.

34
Q

What are the biological perspectives of personality disorders?

A

Personality traits may be inherited.

35
Q

What are the sociocultural perspectives of personality disorders?

A

Social conditions may contribute to development of behavioral patterns. (Socioeconomic risk factors)

36
Q

What are psychodynamic approaches to personality disorder treatment?

A

Bring awareness of the roots of self-defeating behavior patterns and learn more adaptive ways of relating to others.

37
Q

What are cognitive-behavioral approaches to personality disorder treatment?

A

Attempt to replace maladaptive behavior with adaptive behavior.

38
Q

What are the Canadian Treatment Services?

A
  • Safety and crisis support.
  • Containment of psychological distress through continuing care.
  • Teach control and regulation skills.
  • Long-term treatment.
39
Q

How is Paranoid personality disorder treated?

A

CBT, medication (anti-depressants, anti-psychotics)

40
Q

How is schizoid personality disorder treated?

A

CBT, psychodynamic therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, group therapy, medication (anti-depressants)

41
Q

What is dialectical behavior therapy?

A

Form of therapy used to treat dysfunction with interpersonal relationships as well as self-view and maladaptive behavior/thoughts.

42
Q

How is schizotypal personality disorder treated?

A

CBT, supportive therapy (building trust), supportive-expressive therapy (remove negative bias from relationships)

43
Q

How is antisocial personality disorder treated?

A 
Parent management treatment (prevention)
Contingency management (reward system)
Schema therapy (bring to life schemas experienced in childhood)
CBT
Dialectical behavioral therapy
Attachment therapy
Psychotherapy (anger management, substance abuse)
Medications.
44
Q

How is borderline personality disorder treated?

A

Dialectical behavioral therapy
Schema-focused therapy
Mentalization-based therapy (recognize mental states)
Transference-focused psychotherapy (relationship based)
Medications

45
Q

How is histrionic personality disorder treated?

A

CBT
Supportive psychotherapy (improve self-view)
interpersonal therapy
Medication (anti-depressants/anti-anxiety)

46
Q

How is narcissistic personality disorder treated?

A 
CBT
Schema therapy
Gestalt therapy (self-awareness/responsibility)
Mentalization based therapy 
Transference based therapy
Dialectical therapy
Medications
47
Q

How is avoidant personality disorder treated?

A 
CBT
Psychodynamic therapy
Schema therapy
Group therrapy
Family therapy
48
Q

How is dependent personality disorder treated?

A

CBT
Psychodynamic therapy
Schema therapy
Medication (antidepressants and antianxiety)

49
Q

How is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder treated?

A

CBT
Pschodynamic therapy
Nidotherapy (characteristics are an asset, not a drawback)
Medication (anti-depressants and anti-anxiety)

PSYCO 239 (12 decks)

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