Chapter 8: Feeding & Eating, Sleep Disorders

Question 1

What percentage of the Canadian population is diagnosed with an eating disorder?

Answer 1

0.4%

Question 2

What gender more commonly suffers from eating disorders?

Answer 2

Women (80%)

Question 3

What are the three major types of eating disorders?

Answer 3

Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge-eating disorder

Question 4

What is anorexia nervosa?

Answer 4

Eating disorder characterized by maintenance of an abnormally low body weight, distortions of body image, and intense fears of gaining weight.

Question 5

When is the onset on anorexia nervosa?

Answer 5

12-18

Question 6

Who is at the greatest risk for developing anorexia nervosa?

Answer 6

Girls in activities that emphasize on endurance, aesthetics, and weight levels.

Question 7

What are the subtypes of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 7

1. Binge-eating and purging.

2. Restrictive.

Question 8

What is binge eating/purging anorexia nervosa?

Answer 8

A subtype disorder characterized by weight loss accomplished through self-induced vomiting and usage of laxatives.

Question 9

What is restrictive anorexia nervosa?

Answer 9

A subtype disorder characterized by weight loss achieved through restrictive diet, excessive exercise, or fasting.

Question 10

What are medical complications of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 10

10% will die within 10 years of receiving diagnosis.

Amenorrhea
Osteoporosis
Dry, cracking skin
Fine hair
Heart irregularities and low BP
Constipation, bowel obstruction

Question 11

What is amenorrhea?

Answer 11

Absence of menstruation

Question 12

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 12

Physical disorder caused by calcium deficiency resulting in extremely brittle bones.

Question 13

What is bulimia nervosa?

Answer 13

Eating disorder characterized by a recurrent pattern of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors (purging) to prevent weight gain.

Question 14

What is the typical onset of bulimia?

Answer 14

Late teens.

Question 15

At what point is a binging episode stopped?

Answer 15

When the stomach is painfully distended which induces vomiting, or the person is exhausted or runs out of food.

Question 16

What are medical conditions associated with bulimia?

Answer 16

Tooth decay
Pancreatitis
Potassium deficiency
Bloody diarrhea

Question 17

What are sociocultural causes of anorexia/bulimia?

Answer 17

Unrealistic media portrayal of body and beauty standards

Question 18

What are psychosocial causes of bulimia and anorexia?

Answer 18

Perfectionistic attitude
Body dissatisfaction
Low self-esteem
Rigid behavior
Control and independence

Question 19

What are biological causes of anorexia/bulimia?

Answer 19

Serotonin and dopamine deficiencies

Genetics

Question 20

What are the treatments for anorexia and bulimia?

Answer 20

Hospitalization
Cognitive analytic therapy
Behavior therapy
Family therapy
CBT
Interpersonal therapy

Question 21

What are other eating problems and related conditions in childhood? (5)

Answer 21

1. Pica
2. Rumination disorder
3. Feeding disorder
4. Prader-Willi Syndrome
5. Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

Question 22

What are other eating problems and related conditions in adolescents and adults?(6)

Answer 22

1. Anorexia Athletica
2. Muscle dysmorphia
3. Orthexia Nervosa
4. Night-Eating syndrome
5. Nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder
6. Gourmand syndrome

Question 23

What is binge eating disorder?

Answer 23

Eating disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge-eating that are not following by purging

Question 24

When is typical onset of BED?

Answer 24

30s-40s

Question 25

What are causes of BED?

Answer 25

``` Overweight/obesity Depression Body dissatisfaction Dieting Weight-related teasing ```

Question 26

What is pica?

Answer 26

Compulsive eating disorder in which people each non-food items.

Question 27

What is rumination disorder?

Answer 27

Eating disorder in which food is involuntarily brought back up from the stomach.

Question 28

What is feeding disorder?

Answer 28

Eating disorder in which an individual refuses to eat a particular kind of food.

Question 29

What is prader-willi syndrome?

Answer 29

Developmental syndrome that results in constant hunger in childhood.

Question 30

What is cyclic vomiting?

Answer 30

Constant vomiting/cycles of fatigue and lethargy

Question 31

What is gourmand syndrome?

Answer 31

Eating disorder with organic (frontal lobe) origin.

Question 32

What are sleep-wake disorders?

Answer 32

Disorders characterized by persistent or recurrent sleep-related problems that cause significant personal distress or impaired functioning.

Question 33

What is polysomnographic recording?

Answer 33

Simultaneous measurement of multiple physiological responses during sleep or attempted sleep (PSG)

Question 34

What is insomnia disorder?

Answer 34

Difficulty falling asleep, remaining asleep, or achieving restorative sleep.

Question 35

What is the prevalence of insomnia disorder?

Answer 35

6-10%

Question 36

What are risk factors for insomnia?

Answer 36

High stress, shift work, heavy drinking, cannabis use, obesity, being female.

Question 37

What are the adverse conditions caused by insomnia?

Answer 37

Difficulty concentrating, learning, and remembering. Reduced immune functioning.

Question 38

What is hypersomnolence disorder?

Answer 38

Persistent patterns of excessive sleepiness during the day.

Question 39

What is narcolepsy?

Answer 39

Sudden, irresistible episodes of sleep attacks. The individual may remain asleep for an average period of 15 minutes.

Question 40

What is cataplexy?

Answer 40

A form of narcolepsy; brief, sudden loss of muscular control in response to strong emotions.

Question 41

What is cataplexy caused by?

Answer 41

Hypocretin deficiency, immediate transition into REM sleep from a state of wakefulness.

Question 42

What is obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea?

Answer 42

Repeated episodes of complete or partial obstruction of breathing during sleep.

Question 43

What are circadian rhythm sleep disorders?

Answer 43

Disruptions in sleep caused by mismatch in sleep schedules between internal clock and state of the environment.

Question 44

What are parasomnias?

Answer 44

Category of sleep-wake disorders involving the occurrence of abnormal behaviors or physiological events during sleep.

Question 45

What is nightmare disorder?

Answer 45

Recurrent awakenings from sleep because of frightening nightmares.

Question 46

What is the prevalence of nightmare disorders?

Answer 46

1-2%

Question 47

When do nightmares occur?

Answer 47

During REM sleep.

Question 48

What are risk factors for nightmare disorder?

Answer 48

Stress, associated with trauma.

Question 49

What are non-REM sleep arousal disorders?

Answer 49

Recurrent episodes of incomplete arousals during sleep that are accompanied by sleep terrors or sleepwalking.

Question 50

What is the prevalence of sleep terrors?

Answer 50

2% in adults 35% in babies 20% in children

Question 51

What is sleepwalking?

Answer 51

Episodes in which the sleeper arises from bed and walks about while remaining fully asleep. Tends to occur in deeper stages of sleep.

Question 52

What is the prevalence of sleepwalking?

Answer 52

3%

Question 53

What are medicative treatments for sleep disorders?

Answer 53

Anxiolytics (sedatives)

Question 54

How is narcolepsy treated?

Answer 54

psychostimulants

Question 55

How is sleep walking/talking treated?

Answer 55

Antidepressants and benzodazepines

Question 56

How is sleep apnea treated?

Answer 56

Positive pressure airway masks.

Question 57

What are psychological approaches to treating sleep disorders?

Answer 57

CBT techniques; | lowering states of arousal, modifying sleep habits, relaxation and anxiety management