Chapter 8: Feeding & Eating, Sleep Disorders Flashcards
What percentage of the Canadian population is diagnosed with an eating disorder?
0.4%
What gender more commonly suffers from eating disorders?
Women (80%)
What are the three major types of eating disorders?
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge-eating disorder
What is anorexia nervosa?
Eating disorder characterized by maintenance of an abnormally low body weight, distortions of body image, and intense fears of gaining weight.
When is the onset on anorexia nervosa?
12-18
Who is at the greatest risk for developing anorexia nervosa?
Girls in activities that emphasize on endurance, aesthetics, and weight levels.
What are the subtypes of anorexia nervosa?
- Binge-eating and purging.
2. Restrictive.
What is binge eating/purging anorexia nervosa?
A subtype disorder characterized by weight loss accomplished through self-induced vomiting and usage of laxatives.
What is restrictive anorexia nervosa?
A subtype disorder characterized by weight loss achieved through restrictive diet, excessive exercise, or fasting.
What are medical complications of anorexia nervosa?
10% will die within 10 years of receiving diagnosis.
Amenorrhea Osteoporosis Dry, cracking skin Fine hair Heart irregularities and low BP Constipation, bowel obstruction
What is amenorrhea?
Absence of menstruation
What is osteoporosis?
Physical disorder caused by calcium deficiency resulting in extremely brittle bones.
What is bulimia nervosa?
Eating disorder characterized by a recurrent pattern of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors (purging) to prevent weight gain.
What is the typical onset of bulimia?
Late teens.
At what point is a binging episode stopped?
When the stomach is painfully distended which induces vomiting, or the person is exhausted or runs out of food.
What are medical conditions associated with bulimia?
Tooth decay
Pancreatitis
Potassium deficiency
Bloody diarrhea
What are sociocultural causes of anorexia/bulimia?
Unrealistic media portrayal of body and beauty standards
What are psychosocial causes of bulimia and anorexia?
Perfectionistic attitude Body dissatisfaction Low self-esteem Rigid behavior Control and independence
What are biological causes of anorexia/bulimia?
Serotonin and dopamine deficiencies
Genetics
What are the treatments for anorexia and bulimia?
Hospitalization Cognitive analytic therapy Behavior therapy Family therapy CBT Interpersonal therapy
What are other eating problems and related conditions in childhood? (5)
- Pica
- Rumination disorder
- Feeding disorder
- Prader-Willi Syndrome
- Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
What are other eating problems and related conditions in adolescents and adults?(6)
- Anorexia Athletica
- Muscle dysmorphia
- Orthexia Nervosa
- Night-Eating syndrome
- Nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder
- Gourmand syndrome
What is binge eating disorder?
Eating disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge-eating that are not following by purging
When is typical onset of BED?
30s-40s
What are causes of BED?
Overweight/obesity Depression Body dissatisfaction Dieting Weight-related teasing
What is pica?
Compulsive eating disorder in which people each non-food items.
What is rumination disorder?
Eating disorder in which food is involuntarily brought back up from the stomach.
What is feeding disorder?
Eating disorder in which an individual refuses to eat a particular kind of food.
What is prader-willi syndrome?
Developmental syndrome that results in constant hunger in childhood.
What is cyclic vomiting?
Constant vomiting/cycles of fatigue and lethargy
What is gourmand syndrome?
Eating disorder with organic (frontal lobe) origin.
What are sleep-wake disorders?
Disorders characterized by persistent or recurrent sleep-related problems that cause significant personal distress or impaired functioning.
What is polysomnographic recording?
Simultaneous measurement of multiple physiological responses during sleep or attempted sleep (PSG)
What is insomnia disorder?
Difficulty falling asleep, remaining asleep, or achieving restorative sleep.
What is the prevalence of insomnia disorder?
6-10%
What are risk factors for insomnia?
High stress, shift work, heavy drinking, cannabis use, obesity, being female.
What are the adverse conditions caused by insomnia?
Difficulty concentrating, learning, and remembering. Reduced immune functioning.
What is hypersomnolence disorder?
Persistent patterns of excessive sleepiness during the day.
What is narcolepsy?
Sudden, irresistible episodes of sleep attacks. The individual may remain asleep for an average period of 15 minutes.
What is cataplexy?
A form of narcolepsy; brief, sudden loss of muscular control in response to strong emotions.
What is cataplexy caused by?
Hypocretin deficiency, immediate transition into REM sleep from a state of wakefulness.
What is obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea?
Repeated episodes of complete or partial obstruction of breathing during sleep.
What are circadian rhythm sleep disorders?
Disruptions in sleep caused by mismatch in sleep schedules between internal clock and state of the environment.
What are parasomnias?
Category of sleep-wake disorders involving the occurrence of abnormal behaviors or physiological events during sleep.
What is nightmare disorder?
Recurrent awakenings from sleep because of frightening nightmares.
What is the prevalence of nightmare disorders?
1-2%
When do nightmares occur?
During REM sleep.
What are risk factors for nightmare disorder?
Stress, associated with trauma.
What are non-REM sleep arousal disorders?
Recurrent episodes of incomplete arousals during sleep that are accompanied by sleep terrors or sleepwalking.
What is the prevalence of sleep terrors?
2% in adults
35% in babies
20% in children
What is sleepwalking?
Episodes in which the sleeper arises from bed and walks about while remaining fully asleep. Tends to occur in deeper stages of sleep.
What is the prevalence of sleepwalking?
3%
What are medicative treatments for sleep disorders?
Anxiolytics (sedatives)
How is narcolepsy treated?
psychostimulants
How is sleep walking/talking treated?
Antidepressants and benzodazepines
How is sleep apnea treated?
Positive pressure airway masks.
What are psychological approaches to treating sleep disorders?
CBT techniques;
lowering states of arousal, modifying sleep habits, relaxation and anxiety management
