Chapter 9 Final Flashcards
Sensory memory:
- lasts for several minutes.
- uses rehearsal to maintain information.
- decays rapidly.
- lasts longer when a whole-report procedure is used.
Decays rapidly.
In his studies of visual sensory memory, George Sperling found that participants could remember more items from an array if:
- there was a 1-minute delay between presentation of the array and recall.
- a tone was played at the very start of each trial to catch their attention.
- after the array disappeared, a tone was played to indicate which row to recall.
- they were instructed to recall all of the items, rather than just a specific row.
After the array disappeared, a tone was played to indicate which row to recall.
If one wants to retain a list of letters in one’s short-term memory, one should:
- make sure there are no more than two or three letters on the list.
- interrupt the rehearsal frequently.
- try to group them so they form words.
- use the partial-report technique.
Try to group them so they form words.
In Baddeley’s working-memory model, the two short-term memory buffers are called the:
- phonological loop and central executive.
- visuospatial sketchpad and iconic memory.
- iconic memory and short-term memory.
- phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad.
phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad.
The phonological loop can retain information for about how long?
- 1/2 second
- 2 seconds
- 10 seconds
- 2 minutes
2 seconds
Which component of working memory would be responsible for remembering the locations of objects?
- the phonological loop
- the visuospatial sketchpad
- the iconic memory
- the central executive
The visuospatial sketchpad
Suppose a young man is dating two different women. Which part of his working memory would be responsible for keeping track of when and where he has dated with each of them?
- the phonological loop
- the visuospatial sketchpad
- the iconic memory
- the central executive
The central executive
Tina needs to stop at the store on her way to work one day. To go to the store, she has to remember to turn right out of her driveway instead of turning left like she normally would when she goes straight to work. The task her central executive is MOST concerned with in this example is:
- controlled updating of short-term memory buffers.
- setting goals.
- task switching.
- supervisory attentional system.
Supervisory attentional system.
Which part of the brain seems to be critical for working memory and executive control?
- the cerebellum
- the thalamus
- the prefrontal cortex
- the hippocampus
The prefrontal cortex
Which action is NOT a problem for patients with frontal-lobe damage?
- the N-back task
- a digit-span task
- planning and organizing
- skill learning
Skill learning
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seems to be involved in the functions of which component of working memory?
- the central executive
- the phonological loop
- the visuospatial sketchpad
- transient memory
The central executive
Which part of the brain seems to be involved in encoding and retrieval?
- the orbital prefrontal cortex
- the medial prefrontal cortex
- the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
- the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
Which task would activate the left-anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex?
- deciding whether two words sound the same
- rehearsing nonsense words
- listening to backwards speech
- deciding whether two words have the same meaning
Deciding whether two words have the same meaning
In people with schizophrenia, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is _____ and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is _____.
- normal; dysfunctional
- dysfunctional; normal
- dysfunctional; dysfunctional
- normal; normal
Dysfunctional; normal
People with ADHD may have deficits in the _____ cortex, which is the region associated with _____.
- right-prefrontal; verbal and semantic processing
- left-prefrontal; verbal and semantic processing
- right-prefrontal; spatial attention and working memory
- left-prefrontal; spatial attention and working memory
Right-prefrontal; spatial attention and working memory
