Chapter 2 Final Flashcards
If one stubs one’s toe, the painful sensation is carried to the brain by neurons in the:
- occipital lobe.
- frontal lobe.
- central nervous system.
- peripheral nervous system.
Peripheral nervous system.
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for processing things that one hears?
- frontal
- temporal
- occipital
- parietal
Temporal
Comparative neuroanatomy refers to the examination of the similarities and differences among the:
- brains of people of different ages.
- cerebral hemispheres.
- different lobes of the cerebral cortex.
- brains of different organisms.
Brains of different organisms.
The ability of worms and jellyfish to learn is notable because they each have:
- a CNS but not a PNS.
- no recognizable brain.
- no neurons.
- very large brainstems.
No recognizable brain.
Which part(s) of a neuron send(s) signals to other neurons?
- dendrites
- the cell body
- the axon
- glia
The axon
Phrenology involves:
- scanning the brains of living humans using a magnetic field.
- associating deficits in mental abilities with damage to specific brain regions.
- associating bumps on the skull with abilities and personality traits.
- examining which parts of the brain are damaged after a head injury.
Associating bumps on the skull with abilities and personality traits.
A doctor is concerned that Martha has a dysfunction involving the axons of her brain. Which neuroimaging technique would BEST be able to detect this problem?
- phrenology
- diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
- computed tomography (CT) scan
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
Which behavior is reflexive?
- a dog salivating in response to food
- a student studying hard after receiving a poor grade
- a pigeon pecking at a light to obtain food
- a child saying “please” in order to get a cookie
A dog salivating in response to food
The Bell-Magendie law:
- applies to the brainstem but not to the spinal cord.
- proposes one nerve system for sensing and another for responding.
- applies to the central nervous system but not to the peripheral nervous system.
- proposes that the brain is divided into two hemispheres.
Proposes one nerve system for sensing and another for responding.
When one recognizes a friend at a party, which brain area is the first to receive the information from one’s visual receptors?
- the primary visual cortex (V1)
- the primary sensory cortex
- the thalamus
- the frontal cortex
The thalamus
Suppose researchers train a pigeon to peck at a blue disc to obtain food. They then lesion a very small part of its brain and find that the pigeon has forgotten that it needs to peck the blue disc for food. Such a finding would be evidence for:
- the theory of equipotentiality.
- the Bell-Magendie law of neural specialization.
- synaptic plasticity.
- the engram.
The engram.
In neuroimaging studies, researchers use a(n) _____ to determine how activity at each point in the image has changed relative to a baseline.
- engram
- event-related potential
- lesion
- difference image
Difference image.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):
- directly measures neural activity.
- usually picks up more areas of brain activation than does positron emission tomography (PET).
- requires injecting radioactive materials into the participant’s bloodstream.
- is faster than positron emission tomography (PET).
Is faster than positron emission tomography (PET).
Which mechanism is NOT one by which drugs alter synaptic transmission?
- increasing the ability of the presynaptic neuron to produce neurotransmitter
- increasing the ability of the presynaptic neuron to receive neurotransmitter
- decreasing the ability of the presynaptic neuron to produce neurotransmitter
- altering the mechanisms for clearing neurotransmitter from the synapse
Increasing the ability of the presynaptic neuron to receive neurotransmitter
Long-term potentiation:
- was first observed in the thalamus.
- occurs when the postsynaptic neuron is stimulated with a high-frequency burst.
- can last for hours or even longer.
- involves a weakening in synaptic transmission following recent activity.
Can last for hours or even longer.
