Chapter 10 Final

Question 1

Cameron’s heart begins to beat rapidly right before he has to deliver an important sales pitch to a client. This is an example of:

• a physiological response.
• an overt behavior.
• a conscious feeling.
• perseveration.

Answer 1

A physiological response.

Question 2

Autonomic arousal involves:

• a decrease in blood pressure.
• increased sexual arousal.
• diverting energy away from the large muscles.
• decreased pain sensitivity.

Answer 2

Decreased pain sensitivity.

Question 3

Oliver was furious when he learned that his brother had stolen money from him. His heart rate and blood pressure increased, and he started to breathe more rapidly. According to the James-Lange theory of emotion:

• Oliver determined that his physiological changes were a result of the theft, and he labeled the changes as “anger.”
• Oliver felt angry that led to the physiological changes he experienced.
• Oliver took into account both his physiological changes and the theft in determining that the emotion he felt was “anger.”
• Oliver’s physiological changes led him to consciously experience “anger.”

Answer 3

Oliver’s physiological changes led him to consciously experience “anger.”

Question 4

Experimental studies of emotion in animals have focused mainly on the emotion of:

• anger.
• happiness.
• surprise.
• fear.

Answer 4

Fear

Question 5

Which statement is an example of a conditioned emotional response?

• A girl’s heart rate increases upon entering the theater where she had previously seen a horror movie.
• A boy is startled by a sudden loud noise outside his window on a stormy night.
• A woman screams when she nearly steps on a snake during a mountain hike.
• A child smiles on hearing a funny joke.

Answer 5

A girl’s heart rate increases upon entering the theater where she had previously seen a horror movie.

Question 6

Although Cooper tried to learn to play chess, other players easily beat him. Now Cooper refuses to try playing chess again. This is an example of:

• a conditioned emotional response.
• learned helplessness.
• mood congruency of memory.
• perseveration.

Answer 6

Learned helplessness.

Question 7

The research on learned helplessness suggests that depression may be prevented by:

• encouraging people to think about the good things in their lives.
• encouraging people to smile, even when they feel sad.
• exposing people to adversities that they can overcome.
• preventing people from experiencing even minor challenges.

Answer 7

Exposing people to adversities that they can overcome.

Question 8

Mood congruency demonstrates that emotion can influence which aspect of memory?

• encoding
• storage
• retrieval
• All of the answers are correct.

Answer 8

Retrieval

Question 9

Memories for highly emotional events such as the terrorist attacks of September 11 are known as:

• mood-congruent memories.
• episodic memories.
• flashbulb memories.
• false memories.

Answer 9

Flashbulb memories.

Question 10

If one hears a cracking twig in the forest at night, which part of the amygdala is responsible for causing one’s heart rate to increase?

• the lateral nucleus
• the central nucleus
• the basolateral nucleus
• the medial prefrontal area

Answer 10

The central nucleus

Question 11

The _____ sends sensory input to the amygdala.

• adrenal gland
• frontal lobes
• thalamus
• hippocampus

Answer 11

Thalamus

Question 12

Epinephrine mediates the physiological components of the fight-or-flight response by stimulating the:

• cortex.
• brainstem nuclei.
• hippocampus.
• frontal lobes.

Answer 12

Brainstem nuclei

Question 13

The part of the brain that mediates learning about contextual information is the:

• amygdala.
• thalamus.
• frontal lobes.
• hippocampus.

Answer 13

Hippocampus.

Question 14

The medial prefrontal cortex seems to be involved in:

• interpreting the expression of emotion in other people.
• mediating arousal in the autonomic nervous system.
• sending incoming sensory information to the amygdala.
• stimulating the release of stress hormones.

Answer 14

Interpreting the expression of emotion in other people.

Question 15

People with posttraumatic stress disorder:

• have a conditioned fear reaction that is triggered by one specific stimulus.
• may benefit from drugs that increase the levels of stress hormones.
• often have a smaller hippocampal volume than people without this disorder.
• have higher-than-normal levels of stress hormones following the initial traumatic event.

Answer 15

Often have a smaller hippocampal volume than people without this disorder.