Chapter 12 Final Flashcards
Learning has been demonstrated to occur in humans beginning:
- about a week after birth.
- at birth.
- at about 25 weeks gestational age.
- at about 36 weeks gestational age.
At about 25 weeks gestational age.
Which concept appears to develop the EARLIEST?
- semantic memory
- episodic memory
- working memory
- operant conditioning
Operant conditioning
An animal that is raised with a patch over one eye will probably be completely blind in that eye as an adult. This is an example of:
- synaptogenesis.
- a sensitive period.
- imprinting.
- neurogenesis.
A sensitive period.
Humans are able to differentiate particular pairs of speech sounds:
- only if they are exposed to the sounds before they are about 8 months old.
- if they are exposed to the sounds sometime during their childhood.
- if they have a great deal of exposure to the sounds as an adult.
- only if they are exposed to the sounds before they are born.
Only if they are exposed to the sounds before they are about 8 months old.
Working memory develops _____ and decays _____ than other memory systems.
- earlier; earlier
- earlier; later
- later; later
- later; earlier
Later; earlier
Men would be expected to outperform women when trying to remember:
- a list of words.
- landmarks in a new town.
- the way to navigate through a maze.
- pairs of words.
The way to navigate through a maze.
In elderly people, skill learning:
- is as fast as young adults.
- takes longer than in young adults.
- declines even for highly practiced skills.
- is slow but less error-prone than in young adults.
Takes longer than in young adults.
A person with _____ would perform best on tests of learning and memory.
- two copies of the Met allele
- two copies of the Val allele
- one copy of the Met allele
- one copy of the Val allele
Two copies of the Val allele
Twin studies suggest that:
- genes play a very minor role in determining our learning and memory abilities.
- genes play a strong role in determining our learning and memory abilities.
- identical twins are no more similar than are fraternal twins on a variety of learning and memory measures.
- the environment plays a very minor role in determining our learning and memory abilities.
Genes play a strong role in determining our learning and memory abilities.
Which statement is TRUE?
- Neurogenesis is relatively uniform throughout the brain.
- Synaptogenesis continues throughout the lifespan.
- Synaptogenesis is a very slow process.
- Nearly all of the neurons die during apoptosis in childhood.
Synaptogenesis continues throughout the lifespan.
Which structure is LARGER in men than in women?
- the lateral frontal cortex
- the hippocampus
- the angular gyrus
- the supramarginal gyrus
The angular gyrus
In old age:
- neurons in the hippocampus are lost.
- neurogenesis no longer occurs.
- LTP may become unstable.
- neurons in the cerebellum are not lost.
LTP may become unstable.
In Alzheimer’s disease:
- episodic memory starts to decline before other types of memory.
- patients cannot learn new skills.
- the cortex shows signs of damage before other brain regions do.
- the cerebellum shows signs of damage before other brain regions do.
Episodic memory starts to decline before other types of memory.
Neurofibrillary tangles:
- may cause damage by stimulating the immune system.
- are an abnormal byproduct of a common protein.
- are present in adults with Alzheimer’s disease but not in adults with Down syndrome.
- are collapsed proteins that normally hold neurons in place and transport nutrients.
Are collapsed proteins that normally hold neurons in place and transport nutrients.
Individuals with Down syndrome:
- may have an enlarged cerebellum.
- are more likely to be female than male.
- have visibly smaller brains at birth.
- usually develop amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles as adults.
Usually develop amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles as adults.
