Chapter 11 Final Flashcards
In Bandura and colleagues’ Bobo doll study (1961) it was found that children were more likely to behave aggressively if they:
- had been rewarded for behaving aggressively.
- first observed an adult behaving aggressively.
- were other children in the room with them.
- were explicitly told to behave aggressively.
First observed an adult behaving aggressively
According to modern social-learning theory, learning occurs as a result of:
- observation.
- conditioning.
- both observation and conditioning.
- both observation and performance of the behavior.
Observation.
Tony is excited when he watches his high school football team win the championship. He decides to try out for the team the following year, hoping that he will get to enjoy the same excitement he observes in the players he sees on the team. His behavior demonstrates that people are more likely to copy models:
- who are similar to themselves.
- whom they admire.
- when the outcome is desirable.
- when they have the motor capabilities to perform the same actions.
When the outcome is desirable.
Ella observed her father cleaning up toys by putting them all in a large bin and then carrying the bin over to the corner. The next time Ella had to clean up her toys, she left the bin in the corner and carried the toys to it one by one. This is an example of:
- perspective taking.
- stimulus matching.
- emulation.
- true imitation.
Emulation.
In a dog kennel, if one dog starts barking, there is a tendency for the rest of the dogs to also start barking. This is an example of:
- observational conditioning.
- stimulus enhancement.
- vocal learning.
- emotional contagion.
Emotional contagion.
When one dog starts sniffing the ground for a potential scrap of food, other dogs’ attention may be drawn to that part of the ground, and they may copy this sniffing behavior. This is an example of:
- observational conditioning.
- stimulus enhancement.
- social conformity.
- emotional contagion.
Stimulus enhancement.
Which species are the only mammals other than humans that are known to be able to flexibly imitate sounds?
- dogs
- birds
- dolphins
- whales
Dolphins
Stimulus matching refers to:
- copying the exact actions that are observed.
- directly comparing a generated stimulus with an observed stimulus.
- copying the end result of a behavior that is observed.
- being able to imagine oneself in the place of another person.
Directly comparing a generated stimulus with an observed stimulus.
The third phase of song learning in songbirds involves:
- memorizing songs.
- practicing songs.
- comparing their own songs to memories of songs they have heard in the past.
- learning when it is appropriate to sing.
Learning when it is appropriate to sing.
What has research shown regarding viewing violence in the media and aggression?
- Viewing violent media has little effect on aggressive behavior.
- Viewing violent media can reduce aggressive behavior.
- Viewing violent media can increase aggressive behavior.
- The results have been mostly inconclusive.
Viewing violent media can increase aggressive behavior.
Mirror neurons are neurons that respond:
- during both performance and visual observation of an action.
- when an organism performs an action that is the opposite of the observed action.
- during true imitation but not during emulation.
- during observational learning in which visual feedback occurs.
During both performance and visual observation of an action.
In songbirds, neurons in _____ behave like mirror neurons in monkeys.
- the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA) and the high vocal center (HVC)
- area X
- the basal ganglia
- the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (LMAN)
The robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA) and the high vocal center (HVC)
According to studies of social transmission of food preferences in rats, which brain area(s) seem(s) particularly important for learning of novel food preferences from demonstrator rats?
- the basal forebrain
- the basal forebrain and the cortex
- the hippocampus and the cortex
- the hippocampus
The basal forebrain
Children with autism:
- have reduced intellectual abilities.
- have more trouble imitating individual actions than sequences of actions.
- cannot recognize when they are being imitated.
- show more impairment of meaningless gestures than meaningful ones.
Show more impairment of meaningless gestures than meaningful ones.
People with frontal-lobe damage who exhibit deficits in the ability to imitate:
- can still imitate an action when instructed to do so.
- can still imitate an action when they observe someone performing the action.
- may have problems with inhibiting imitation.
- usually show deficits in executive-control functions.
May have problems with inhibiting imitation.
