Chapter 9 Energy and Life Flashcards
What work does a cell/living thing have?
Movement, E Transformation, Exchange gasses, Ingestion/digestion, Hydrate, Excretion, Maintain body temp, Adapt to environment, Reproduction (though no required its still important, Homeostasis)
How do livings things store energy?
E is stored in bonds of chemical compounds
ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
What is ATP composed of
Ribose - 5 carbon sugar
How do cells use ATP?
Cells use ATP for functions such as building molecules and moving materials by active transport, cell movement, molecule synthetization.
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food.
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food
Herbivore
A consumer that eats only plants.
Carnivore
A consumer that eats only animals.
Omnivore
An animal that eats both plants and animals
Scavengers and decomposers
organisms that feed off of other dead organisms
Chemosynthesis
process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates
white light
combination of all colors
visible light spectrum
the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye
Why do we see plants as green?
Plants absorb all of the colors except green, which it reflects.
photosynthetic pigments
Chemicals that absorb light energy and use it to carry out photosynthesis. Contained in thylakoid membranes in chloroplast. Examples are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids
Chlorophyll
A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
Carotene
yellow to orange pigment that appears in the fall after the Chlorophyll deteriorates in the colder temperatures of fall.
Chlroplast
an organelle found only in plants used to capture sunlight for photosynthesis
high energy electrons
electrons that can yield energy as they pass through an electron transport chain
NADP+
carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules
light-dependent reactions
reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin cycle
