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Bio HO9 > Chapter 12 Meiosis > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Meiosis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Somatic

A

Body cells

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2
Q

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

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3
Q

Haploid Def

A

Single set of unpaired chromosomes

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4
Q

Diploid Def

A

2 complete sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent

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5
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

A

Ovary

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6
Q

Female Sex cell

A

Egg/Ova

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7
Q

Creation of female sex cell

A

oogenesis

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8
Q

Male reproductive organ

A

Testicles

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9
Q

Male sex cell

A

sperm/spermatazoa

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10
Q

Creation of male sex cell

A

Spermatogenesis

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11
Q

Chromosome # during Meiosis

A

46 – 92 – (2)46 – (4)23

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12
Q

Acronym for Meiosis

A

(I)PMAT(C)PMAT(C)

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13
Q

Is there interphase between Meiosis 1 and 2

A

NO

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14
Q

Stages of interphase

A

G1, S, G2

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15
Q

Prophase 1

A

Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This results in new combinations of genetic material in the daughter cells.

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16
Q

Metaphase I

A

Metaphase I: The homologous chromosome pairs line up at the center of the cell.

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17
Q

Anaphase I

A

Anaphase I: The homologous chromosome pairs separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

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18
Q

Telophase I

A

Telophase I: The chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell
“Pinch thing to peanut”

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19
Q

Prophase II

A

Prophase II: The chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

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20
Q

Metaphase II

A

Metaphase II: The chromosomes line up at the center of each cell.

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21
Q

Anaphase II

A

Anaphase II: The sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cells.

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22
Q

Telophase II

A

Telophase II: The chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cells

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23
Q

Tetrad

A

Structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis

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24
Q

Shmancy name for crease formed in telophase

A

Cleavage furrow

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25
Q

Shmancy name for middle of cell where chromosomes line up

A

equatorial plate

26
Q

What stage of Meiosis are the Chromosomes pulled apart to Chromatids

A

Meiosis II

27
Q

Mendel is considered?

A

“father of genetics”

28
Q

Genetics

A

study of inherited traits

29
Q

Allele

A

Option for characteristic

30
Q

Allele T

A

Dominant
Tall
Recessive
Short

31
Q

Allele Y

A

Pea color
Dominant
Yellow
Recessive
Green

32
Q

Allele G

A

Pod Color
Dominant
Green
Recessive
Yellow

33
Q

Allele P

A

Flower color
Dominant
Purple
Recessive
White

34
Q

Allele A

A

Flower Position
Dominant
Axial (on stem)
Recessive
Terminal (Top of stem)

35
Q

Allele W

A

Pea Shape
Dominant
Wrinkled
Recessive
Smooth

36
Q

Allele S

A

Pod Shape
Dominant
Smooth
Recessive
Constricted

37
Q

Fertilization

A

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

38
Q

trait

A

specific characteristic of an individual

39
Q

hybrid

A

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

40
Q

Gene

A

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; a factor that is passed from parent to offspring

41
Q

Allele

A

One of a number different forms of a gene

42
Q

Principle of dominance

A

Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and other are recessive

43
Q

Segregation

A

Seperation of alleles during gamete formation

44
Q

Probability

A

Likelihood that a particular even will occur

45
Q

Homozygous

A

having two identical alleles for a particular gene

46
Q

heterozygous

A

having two different alleles for a particular gene

47
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical characteristics for an organism

48
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an organism

49
Q

Punnett square

A

Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combination of a genetic cross

50
Q

Independant assortment

A

One of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

51
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele

52
Q

Codominance

A

Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed

53
Q

Multiple alleles

A

A gene that has more that two alleles

54
Q

Polygenic trait

A

Trait controlled by two or more genes

55
Q

Homologous

A

Refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent

56
Q

Diploid

A

Cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

57
Q

Haploid

A

Cell that contains only a single set of genes

58
Q

Crossing over

A

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

59
Q

What did Mendel conclude determines biological inheritance?

A

Mendel concluded that “factors” (now known as genes), determine biological inheritance.
He also proposed that these factors are inherited from both parents and can be dominant or recessive.

60
Q

What is segregation?

A

Segregation refers to the separation of paired alleles during the formation of gametes (sex cells).
This is done so that each gamete receives only one allele of each gene, and offspring inherit one allele from each parent.

61
Q

How is self-pollination similar to cross-pollination? How is it different?

A

Self-pollination and cross-pollination are both methods of plant reproduction.

Differences
Self-pollination – offspring genetically identical to the parent,
Cross-pollination – offspring with genetic variation.

Bio HO9 (11 decks)

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