Chapter 9: Endocrine System

Question 1

What are the two regulating system of the body?

Answer 1

the Nervous System and the Endocrine System

Question 2

What PROCESSES do hormones control? (5)

Answer 2

reproduction, growth and development, mobilization of body defenses, long-term maintenance of most homeostasis parameters, and regulation of metabolism

Question 3

What are hormones produced by?

Answer 3

specialized epithelial cells

Question 4

How does the ENDOCRINE system control body systems?

Answer 4

by using hormones that are released into the blood

Question 5

What are the THREE classifications (chemically) for hormones?

Answer 5

amino acid-based; steroids; prostaglandine

Question 6

What are STEROIDS made of?

Answer 6

cholesterol

Question 7

What are PROSTAGLANDINE made of?

Answer 7

highly active lipids

Question 8

What are some of the things hormones stimulate/inhibit?

Answer 8

cell membrane permeability; (activation/inactivation) enzymes; (stimulation/inhibition) cell division; (s/i) secretion of a product; (a/i) transcription of certain genes

Question 9

What are the TWO MECHANISMS that hormones act by?

Answer 9

Direct gene activation; secondary messenger system

Question 10

What hormones use DIRECT GENE ACTIVATION?

Answer 10

steroid hormones and thyroxine

Question 11

What hormones use SECONDARY MESSENGER SYSTEM?

Answer 11

protein and peptide hormones

Question 12

What is the DIRECT GENE ACTIVATION PROCESS?

Answer 12

1. steroid hormone diffuses through cell membrane; 2. hormone enters the nucleus; 3. hormone binds to a specific receptor protein; 4. hormone-receptor complex binds to specific site; 5. specific genes are activated to transcribe the DNA into mRNA; 6. new proteins are synthesized