Chapter 11: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the DEFINITION of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM?

Answer 1

a closed system of the heart, blood and blood vessels

Question 2

What is the FUNCTION of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 2

transport materials to and from the body’s cells

Question 3

What are the (5) MATERIALS that the Cardiovascular Systems transports?

Answer 3

oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, immune components, and hormones

Question 4

Where is the HEART located?

Answer 4

in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs in the inferior mediastinum

Question 5

The APEX is ________ to the base

Answer 5

inferior

Question 6

What is the PERICARDIUM?

Answer 6

a double-walled sac which surrounds the heart

Question 7

What are the CHARACTERISTICS of the FIBROUS PERICARDIUM?

Answer 7

loose and superficial

Question 8

What are the CHARACTERISTIC of the SEROUS PERICARDIUM?

Answer 8

deep to the fibrous pericardium

Question 9

What are the two layers that make up the SEROUS PERICARDIUM?

Answer 9

the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium

Question 10

What is the PARIETAL PERICARDIUM?

Answer 10

outside layer that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

Question 11

What is the VISCERAL PERICARDIUM?

Answer 11

lines the heart; also known as the epicardium

Question 12

What is the FUNCTION of SEROUS FLUID?

Answer 12

to reduce friction as the heart, lungs, and diaphragm move

Question 13

What are the three layers of the HEART WALL?

Answer 13

the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

Question 14

What is the EPICARDIUM?

Answer 14

the outside layer

Question 15

What is the MYOCARDIUM?

Answer 15

the thick middle layer

Question 16

What is the ENDOCARDIUM?

Answer 16

the inner layer

Question 17

What are the FOUR INTERNAL CHAMBERS?

Answer 17

two atria and two ventricles

Question 18

What are the ATRIA?

Answer 18

the receiving chambers

Question 19

What are the VENTRICLES?

Answer 19

the discharging chambers

Question 20

The RIGHT side of the HEART CHAMBERS works as the -?

Answer 20

pulmonary circuit pump

Question 21

The LEFT side of the HEART CHAMBERS works as the -?

Answer 21

systemic circuit pump

Question 22

What is PULMONARY CIRCULATION?

Answer 22

when blood flows from the right side of the heart (through the pulmonary trunk) to the lungs and back to the left side

Question 23

What is SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION?

Answer 23

when oxygen-rich blood returned to the left side of the heart is pumped out into the aorta; oxygen-poor blood returns to the right atrium via the superior/inferior vena cava

Question 24

Where are ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES LOCATED?

Answer 24

between atria and ventricles

Question 25

What is the LEFT AV valve?

Answer 25

mitral (or bicuspid) valve

Question 26

What is the RIGHT AV valve?

Answer 26

tricuspid valve

Question 27

Where are SEMILUNAR VALVES?

Answer 27

between ventricles and exiting arteries

Question 28

What are the two valves in the SEMILUNAR VALVES?

Answer 28

pulmonary valve and aortic valve

Question 29

When do AV valves OPEN?

Answer 29

during ventricular RELAXATION

Question 30

When do AV valves CLOSE?

Answer 30

during ventricular CONTRACTION

Question 31

When do SEMILUNAR valves OPEN?

Answer 31

during ventricular CONTRACTION

Question 32

When do SEMILUNAR valves CLOSE?

Answer 32

during ventricular RELAXATION

Question 33

Why does the blood in the heart chamber NOT NOURISH the MYOCARDIUM?

Answer 33

the wall is too thick and the right side of the heart has deoxygenated blood

Question 34

What does the CORONARY CIRCUIT consist of (2)?

Answer 34

coronary arteries and cardiac veins

Question 35

What is the CORONARY ARTERIES?

Answer 35

branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood