Chapter 11: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the DEFINITION of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM?
a closed system of the heart, blood and blood vessels
What is the FUNCTION of the Cardiovascular System?
transport materials to and from the body’s cells
What are the (5) MATERIALS that the Cardiovascular Systems transports?
oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, immune components, and hormones
Where is the HEART located?
in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs in the inferior mediastinum
The APEX is ________ to the base
inferior
What is the PERICARDIUM?
a double-walled sac which surrounds the heart
What are the CHARACTERISTICS of the FIBROUS PERICARDIUM?
loose and superficial
What are the CHARACTERISTIC of the SEROUS PERICARDIUM?
deep to the fibrous pericardium
What are the two layers that make up the SEROUS PERICARDIUM?
the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
What is the PARIETAL PERICARDIUM?
outside layer that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
What is the VISCERAL PERICARDIUM?
lines the heart; also known as the epicardium
What is the FUNCTION of SEROUS FLUID?
to reduce friction as the heart, lungs, and diaphragm move
What are the three layers of the HEART WALL?
the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
What is the EPICARDIUM?
the outside layer
What is the MYOCARDIUM?
the thick middle layer
What is the ENDOCARDIUM?
the inner layer
What are the FOUR INTERNAL CHAMBERS?
two atria and two ventricles
What are the ATRIA?
the receiving chambers
What are the VENTRICLES?
the discharging chambers
The RIGHT side of the HEART CHAMBERS works as the -?
pulmonary circuit pump
The LEFT side of the HEART CHAMBERS works as the -?
systemic circuit pump
What is PULMONARY CIRCULATION?
when blood flows from the right side of the heart (through the pulmonary trunk) to the lungs and back to the left side
What is SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION?
when oxygen-rich blood returned to the left side of the heart is pumped out into the aorta; oxygen-poor blood returns to the right atrium via the superior/inferior vena cava
Where are ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES LOCATED?
between atria and ventricles
What is the LEFT AV valve?
mitral (or bicuspid) valve
What is the RIGHT AV valve?
tricuspid valve
Where are SEMILUNAR VALVES?
between ventricles and exiting arteries
What are the two valves in the SEMILUNAR VALVES?
pulmonary valve and aortic valve
When do AV valves OPEN?
during ventricular RELAXATION
When do AV valves CLOSE?
during ventricular CONTRACTION
When do SEMILUNAR valves OPEN?
during ventricular CONTRACTION
When do SEMILUNAR valves CLOSE?
during ventricular RELAXATION
Why does the blood in the heart chamber NOT NOURISH the MYOCARDIUM?
the wall is too thick and the right side of the heart has deoxygenated blood
What does the CORONARY CIRCUIT consist of (2)?
coronary arteries and cardiac veins
What is the CORONARY ARTERIES?
branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood
