Chapter 7: Nervous System

Question 1

What are the three functions of the Nervous System?

Answer 1

Sensory input, Integration, and Motor output

Question 2

How is the Nervous System classified? (2)

Answer 2

Structure and Activity

Question 3

What are the ORGANS that are in the Central Nervous System? (2)

Answer 3

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 4

What is the function of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?

Answer 4

serving as communication lines among sensory organs, the brain and spinal cord, and glands or muscles

Question 5

What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 5

Sensory Division and Motor Division

Question 6

What is the function of the PNS SENSORY division?

Answer 6

carry INFORMATION TO the central nervous system

Question 7

What is the function of the PNS MOTOR division?

Answer 7

carry IMPULSES AWAY from the central nervous system

Question 8

What are the two SUBDIVISIONS of the PNS MOTOR division?

Answer 8

Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System

Question 9

What is the function of the SOMATIC nervous system?

Answer 9

consciously controls skeletal muscles

Question 10

What is the function of the AUTONOMIC nervous system?

Answer 10

automatically controls smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

Question 11

What are two nervous systems divided from the AUTONOMIC nervous system?

Answer 11

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 12

What are the two cells types that make up Nervous Tissue?

Answer 12

Neuroglial cells and Neurons

Question 13

What is the function of NEUROGLIAL CELLS

Answer 13

providing support to neurons (by physical support, controlling the chemical environment around them, insulation, and producing cerebrospinal fluid)

Question 14

What is the function of NEURONS?

Answer 14

transmit information

Question 15

What are the two major components to all neurons?

Answer 15

Dendrites and Axons

Question 16

What in the function of DENDRITES?

Answer 16

conduct impulses TOWARD the cell body; hundreds in one neurons

Question 17

What is the function of AXONS?

Answer 17

conduct impulses AWAY from the cell body; only one per neuron

Question 18

What is a SYNAPTIC CLEFT?

Answer 18

a gap between axon terminals and the next neuron or cell

Question 19

What is a SYNAPSE?

Answer 19

functional junction between cells where a nerve impulse is transmitted

Question 20

What is MYELIN?

Answer 20

white, fatty material covering axons

Question 21

What is the function of the MYELIN?

Answer 21

protects and insulates the axon; increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission

Question 22

What is NUCLEI?

Answer 22

clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

Question 23

What is GANGLIA?

Answer 23

collections of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 24

What is NERVE FIBERS?

Answer 24

Axons

Question 25

What is TRACTS?

Answer 25

bundles of axons in the CNS

Question 26

What is NERVES?

Answer 26

bundles of axons in the PNS

Question 27

What is WHITE MATTER?

Answer 27

collections of myelinated axons in the CNS

Question 28

What is GRAY MATTER?

Answer 28

unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies in the CNS

Question 29

What is the function of SENSORY NEURONS?

Answer 29

carry impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS

Question 30

What are the three receptors that are included in SENSORY RECEPTORS?

Answer 30

cutaneous receptors in skin, position receptors in muscles and tendons, receptors in visceral organs

Question 31

What is the function of INTERNEURONS?

Answer 31

connect sensory and motor neurons

Question 32

What is the function of MOTOR NEURONS?

Answer 32

carry impulses from the CNS to viscera, muscles, glands

Question 33

When is a neuron is INACTIVE?

Answer 33

when it's in its resting state

Question 34

_______ positive ions are inside the neuron's cell membrane than outside?

Answer 34

fewer

Question 35

POTASSIUM IONS are the major positive ion at high concentration _______ the cell

Answer 35

inside

Question 36

SODIUM IONS are the major positive ion at high concentration _______ the cell

Answer 36

outside

Question 37

The cell membrane of neurons at rest is ______________ to ions

Answer 37

impermeable

Question 38

What is SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION?

Answer 38

transmission of the nerve signal at the synapse between the synaptic terminals and the next neuron or cell

Question 39

What is a REFLEX?

Answer 39

rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli

Question 40

What are the two reflexes?

Answer 40

Somatic and Autonomic

Question 41

What are SOMATIC REFLEXES?

Answer 41

reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles

Question 42

What are AUTONOMIC REFLEXES?

Answer 42

regulates the activity of smooth muscles, the heart, and glands

Question 43

What are the six elements of a reflex?

Answer 43

1. Sensory receptor, 2. Sensory neuron, 3. integration center, 4. Motor neuron, 5. effector organ, 6. Response

Question 44

What are the FOUR distinct regions of the BRAIN?

Answer 44

Cerebral hemispheres (2), diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

Question 45

What is the name for the RIDGES on the surface of the brain?

Answer 45

gyri

Question 46

What is the name of the GROOVES on the surface of the brain?

Answer 46

sulci

Question 47

What are the THREE MAIN REGIONS of the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 47

Cerebral Cortex (superficial gray matter); axon tracts (white matter); Basal Nuclei (deep pockets of gray matter)

Question 48

What is the FUNCTION OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX?

Answer 48

interpreting sensory inputs; controlling (voluntary and skilled) skeletal muscle activity

Question 49

What is the FUNCTION of the BASAL NUCLEI?

Answer 49

helping control skeletal movements

Question 50

Some of the FUNCTIONAL AREAS that make up the cerebral cortex

Answer 50

Sensory Cortices; Motor Cortices; Association areas

Question 51

What is the FUNCTION of the SENSORY CORTICES?

Answer 51

receive and "file away" sensory input

Question 52

What is the FUNCTION of the MOTOR CORTICES?

Answer 52

provide motor output commands

Question 53

What is the FUNCTION of the ASSOCIATION AREAS?

Answer 53

integrate sensory input with motor output