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Basic Human Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 7: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of the Nervous System?

A

Sensory input, Integration, and Motor output

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2
Q

How is the Nervous System classified? (2)

A

Structure and Activity

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3
Q

What are the ORGANS that are in the Central Nervous System? (2)

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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4
Q

What is the function of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

serving as communication lines among sensory organs, the brain and spinal cord, and glands or muscles

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5
Q

What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

Sensory Division and Motor Division

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6
Q

What is the function of the PNS SENSORY division?

A

carry INFORMATION TO the central nervous system

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7
Q

What is the function of the PNS MOTOR division?

A

carry IMPULSES AWAY from the central nervous system

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8
Q

What are the two SUBDIVISIONS of the PNS MOTOR division?

A

Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System

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9
Q

What is the function of the SOMATIC nervous system?

A

consciously controls skeletal muscles

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10
Q

What is the function of the AUTONOMIC nervous system?

A

automatically controls smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

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11
Q

What are two nervous systems divided from the AUTONOMIC nervous system?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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12
Q

What are the two cells types that make up Nervous Tissue?

A

Neuroglial cells and Neurons

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13
Q

What is the function of NEUROGLIAL CELLS

A

providing support to neurons (by physical support, controlling the chemical environment around them, insulation, and producing cerebrospinal fluid)

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14
Q

What is the function of NEURONS?

A

transmit information

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15
Q

What are the two major components to all neurons?

A

Dendrites and Axons

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16
Q

What in the function of DENDRITES?

A

conduct impulses TOWARD the cell body; hundreds in one neurons

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17
Q

What is the function of AXONS?

A

conduct impulses AWAY from the cell body; only one per neuron

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18
Q

What is a SYNAPTIC CLEFT?

A

a gap between axon terminals and the next neuron or cell

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19
Q

What is a SYNAPSE?

A

functional junction between cells where a nerve impulse is transmitted

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20
Q

What is MYELIN?

A

white, fatty material covering axons

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21
Q

What is the function of the MYELIN?

A

protects and insulates the axon; increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission

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22
Q

What is NUCLEI?

A

clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

23
Q

What is GANGLIA?

A

collections of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

24
Q

What is NERVE FIBERS?

A

Axons

25
Q

What is TRACTS?

A

bundles of axons in the CNS

26
Q

What is NERVES?

A

bundles of axons in the PNS

27
Q

What is WHITE MATTER?

A

collections of myelinated axons in the CNS

28
Q

What is GRAY MATTER?

A

unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies in the CNS

29
Q

What is the function of SENSORY NEURONS?

A

carry impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS

30
Q

What are the three receptors that are included in SENSORY RECEPTORS?

A

cutaneous receptors in skin, position receptors in muscles and tendons, receptors in visceral organs

31
Q

What is the function of INTERNEURONS?

A

connect sensory and motor neurons

32
Q

What is the function of MOTOR NEURONS?

A

carry impulses from the CNS to viscera, muscles, glands

33
Q

When is a neuron is INACTIVE?

A

when it’s in its resting state

34
Q

_______ positive ions are inside the neuron’s cell membrane than outside?

A

fewer

35
Q

POTASSIUM IONS are the major positive ion at high concentration _______ the cell

A

inside

36
Q

SODIUM IONS are the major positive ion at high concentration _______ the cell

A

outside

37
Q

The cell membrane of neurons at rest is ______________ to ions

A

impermeable

38
Q

What is SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION?

A

transmission of the nerve signal at the synapse between the synaptic terminals and the next neuron or cell

39
Q

What is a REFLEX?

A

rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli

40
Q

What are the two reflexes?

A

Somatic and Autonomic

41
Q

What are SOMATIC REFLEXES?

A

reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles

42
Q

What are AUTONOMIC REFLEXES?

A

regulates the activity of smooth muscles, the heart, and glands

43
Q

What are the six elements of a reflex?

A
  1. Sensory receptor, 2. Sensory neuron, 3. integration center, 4. Motor neuron, 5. effector organ, 6. Response
44
Q

What are the FOUR distinct regions of the BRAIN?

A

Cerebral hemispheres (2), diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

45
Q

What is the name for the RIDGES on the surface of the brain?

A

gyri

46
Q

What is the name of the GROOVES on the surface of the brain?

A

sulci

47
Q

What are the THREE MAIN REGIONS of the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Cerebral Cortex (superficial gray matter); axon tracts (white matter); Basal Nuclei (deep pockets of gray matter)

48
Q

What is the FUNCTION OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX?

A

interpreting sensory inputs; controlling (voluntary and skilled) skeletal muscle activity

49
Q

What is the FUNCTION of the BASAL NUCLEI?

A

helping control skeletal movements

50
Q

Some of the FUNCTIONAL AREAS that make up the cerebral cortex

A

Sensory Cortices; Motor Cortices; Association areas

51
Q

What is the FUNCTION of the SENSORY CORTICES?

A

receive and “file away” sensory input

52
Q

What is the FUNCTION of the MOTOR CORTICES?

A

provide motor output commands

53
Q

What is the FUNCTION of the ASSOCIATION AREAS?

A

integrate sensory input with motor output

Basic Human Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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