Chapter 9 Endocrine system Flashcards
What does the root Endocrin/o mean?
endocrine glands or system
What does the root pituitar/i mean?
Pituitary gland, hypophysis
What does the root hypophysi/o mean?
Pituitary gland, hypophysis
What does the root thry/o thyroid/o mean?
Thyroid gland
What does the root parathyr/o parathyroid/o mean?
Parathyroid gland
What does the root adren/o adrenal/o mean?
adrenal cortex
What does the root insul/o mean?
Pancreatic islets
What are adrenal glands?
A gland on the superior surface of the kidney. The outer region secretes steroid hormones; the inner region secretes epinephrine in response to stress
What is endocrine mean?
Pertaining to a ductless gland that secretes hormones into the blood
What are hormones?
A secretion of an endocrine gland. A substance that travels in the blood and has regulatory effect on tissues, organs, or glands
What is hypophysis?
The pituitary gland named hypo and physis meaning the gland below the hypothalamus
What is the hypothalamus?
A portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and is active on maintaining homeostasis
What is a pancreatic islet?
Cluster of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secretes hormones to regulate glucose metabolism; also called islet of langerhands or islet cells
What is the parathyroid gland?
A small endocrine gland on the posterior thyroid that acts to increase blood calcium levels; there are usually four to six parathyroid glands
What is the pineal gland?
A small gland in the brain. Appears to regulate mood, daily rhythms, and sexual development in response to environmental light. Secretes melatonin
What is the pituitary gland?
A small endocrine gland at the base of the brain. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and hormones that stimulate other glands; the posterior lobe releases ADH and oxytocin manufactured in the hypothalamus
What is prostaglandins?
A group of hormones produced throughout the body that have a variety of effects, including stimulation of uterine contractions and regulation of blood pressure, blood clotting, and inflammation
What is a receptor?
A site on the cell membrane or within the cell to which a substance, such as a hormone, attaches
What is a steroid hormone?
A hormone made from lipids and including sex hormones and the hormones of the adrenal cortex
What is the target issue?
The specific tissue on which hormones acts; also be called the target organ
What is the thyroid gland?
An endocrine gland on either side of the larynx and upper trachea. It secretes hormones that affect metabolism and growth roots
What is acromegaly?
overgrowth of bone and soft tissue, especially in the hands, feet, and face, caused by excess growth hormone in adult.
What is Addison disease?
A disease resulting from deficiency of adrenocortical hormones. It is marked by darkening of the skin, weakness, and alterations in salt and water balance
What is adenoma?
A neoplasm of a gland
