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MEDT 211 > Chapter 9 Endocrine system > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

What does the root Endocrin/o mean?

A

endocrine glands or system

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2
Q

What does the root pituitar/i mean?

A

Pituitary gland, hypophysis

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3
Q

What does the root hypophysi/o mean?

A

Pituitary gland, hypophysis

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4
Q

What does the root thry/o thyroid/o mean?

A

Thyroid gland

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5
Q

What does the root parathyr/o parathyroid/o mean?

A

Parathyroid gland

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6
Q

What does the root adren/o adrenal/o mean?

A

adrenal cortex

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7
Q

What does the root insul/o mean?

A

Pancreatic islets

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8
Q

What are adrenal glands?

A

A gland on the superior surface of the kidney. The outer region secretes steroid hormones; the inner region secretes epinephrine in response to stress

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9
Q

What is endocrine mean?

A

Pertaining to a ductless gland that secretes hormones into the blood

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10
Q

What are hormones?

A

A secretion of an endocrine gland. A substance that travels in the blood and has regulatory effect on tissues, organs, or glands

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11
Q

What is hypophysis?

A

The pituitary gland named hypo and physis meaning the gland below the hypothalamus

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12
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

A portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and is active on maintaining homeostasis

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13
Q

What is a pancreatic islet?

A

Cluster of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secretes hormones to regulate glucose metabolism; also called islet of langerhands or islet cells

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14
Q

What is the parathyroid gland?

A

A small endocrine gland on the posterior thyroid that acts to increase blood calcium levels; there are usually four to six parathyroid glands

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15
Q

What is the pineal gland?

A

A small gland in the brain. Appears to regulate mood, daily rhythms, and sexual development in response to environmental light. Secretes melatonin

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16
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

A small endocrine gland at the base of the brain. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and hormones that stimulate other glands; the posterior lobe releases ADH and oxytocin manufactured in the hypothalamus

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17
Q

What is prostaglandins?

A

A group of hormones produced throughout the body that have a variety of effects, including stimulation of uterine contractions and regulation of blood pressure, blood clotting, and inflammation

18
Q

What is a receptor?

A

A site on the cell membrane or within the cell to which a substance, such as a hormone, attaches

19
Q

What is a steroid hormone?

A

A hormone made from lipids and including sex hormones and the hormones of the adrenal cortex

20
Q

What is the target issue?

A

The specific tissue on which hormones acts; also be called the target organ

21
Q

What is the thyroid gland?

A

An endocrine gland on either side of the larynx and upper trachea. It secretes hormones that affect metabolism and growth roots

22
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

overgrowth of bone and soft tissue, especially in the hands, feet, and face, caused by excess growth hormone in adult.

23
Q

What is Addison disease?

A

A disease resulting from deficiency of adrenocortical hormones. It is marked by darkening of the skin, weakness, and alterations in salt and water balance

24
Q

What is adenoma?

A

A neoplasm of a gland

25
Q

What is adult hypothyrodism?

A

A condition caused by hypothyroidism in an adult. There is dry, waxy swelling, most notable in the face

26
Q

What is Cushing disease?

A

Overactivity of the adrenal cortex resulting from excess production of ACTH by the pituitary

27
Q

What is Cushing Syndrome?

A

A condition resulting from excess of hormones from the adrenal cortex. It is associated with obesity, weakness, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hirsutism (excessive hair growth)

28
Q

What is diabetes insipidus?

A

A disorder caused by insufficient release of ADH from the posterior pituitary. It results in excessive thirst and production of large amounts of very dilute urine.

29
Q

What is diabetes mellitus?

A

A disorder of glucose metabolism caused by deficiency of insulin production or failure of the tissues to respond to insulin. T1: results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells; T2 generally occurs in obese adults; it is treated with diet, exercise, drugs to improve insulin production or activity and sometimes insulin.

30
Q

What is exophthalmos?

A

Protrusion of the eyeball

31
Q

What is gigantism?

A

Overgrowth caused by excess of growth hormone from the pituitary during childhood

32
Q

What is glycated hemoglobin?

A

A test that measures the binding of glucose to hemoglobin during the lifespan of a red blood cell. It reflects the average blood glucose level over two or three months and is useful in evaluating long term therapy for diabetes mellitus

33
Q

What is glycosuria?

A

Excess sugar in urine

34
Q

What is a goiter?

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

35
Q

What is graves disease?

A

An autoimmune disease resulting in hyperthyroidism. A prominent symptom is exophthalmos.

36
Q

What is hyperglcemia?

A

Excess glucose in the blood

37
Q

What is hypoglycemia?

A

Abnormally low level of glucose in the blood

38
Q

What is insulin shock?

A

A condition resulting from an overdose of insulin, causing hypoglycemia

39
Q

What is ketoacidosis?

A

Acidosis caused by an excess of ketone bodies, as in diabetes mellitus; diabetic acidosis

40
Q

What is metabolic syndrom?

A

A state of hyperglycemia caused by cellular resistance to insulin, as seen in type 2 diabetes, in association with other metabolic disorders.

41
Q

What is panhypopituitarism?

A

under activity of the entire pituitary gland

42
Q

What is tetany?

A

Irritability and spasms of muscles; may be caused by low blood calcium and other factors

MEDT 211 (16 decks)

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