Chapter 3 Disease and treatment Flashcards
1
Q
What is the does the root Alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o mean? Provide an example.
A
Pain. Example: Agesia, condition of having pain
2
Q
What is the does the root carcin/o mean? Provide an example.
A
Cancer, carcinoma. Example: carcinoid, resembling a carcinoma
3
Q
What is the does the root Cyst/o mean? Provide an example.
A
filled sac or pouch, cyst, bladder. Example: Cystic, pertaining to having cysts
4
Q
What is the does the root lith/o mean? Provide an example.
A
Calculus, stone. Example: lithiasis, Stone formation
5
Q
What is the does the root Onc/o mean? Provide an example.
A
Tumor. Example: oncogenic, causing a tumor
6
Q
What is the does the root Path/o mean? Provide an example.
A
Disease. Example: Pathogen, organism that produces disease
7
Q
What is the does the root py/o mean? Provide an example.
A
Pus. Example: pyocyst, cyst filled with pus
8
Q
What is the does the root pyr/o, pyret/o mean? Provide an example.
A
Fever, fire. Example: pyrexia, meaning fever
9
Q
What is the does the root Scler/o mean? Provide an example.
A
Hard. Example: sclerosis, hardening of tissue
10
Q
What is the does the root Tox/o Toxic/o mean? Provide an example.
A
Poison. Example: Endotoxin, toxin within bacterial cells
11
Q
What is the does the prefix for brady- mean? Provide an example.
A
Slow. Example: bradypnea, meaning slow breathing (-pnea) rate
12
Q
What is the does the prefix for dys- mean? Provide an example.
A
Abnormal, painful, difficult. Example: dysplasia, abnormal development (plas) of tissue
13
Q
What is the does the prefix for Mal- mean? Provide an example.
A
Bad, poor. Example: Malabsorption, poor absorption of nutrients
14
Q
What is the does the prefix for pachy- mean? Provide an example.
A
Thick. Example: pachycephaly, Poor absorption of nutrients
15
Q
What is the does the prefix for tachy- mean? Provide an example.
A
Rapid. Example: tachycardia, rapid heart rate
16
Q
What is the does the prefix for Xero- mean? Provide an example.
A
Dry. Example Xeroderma, dryness of the skin
17
Q
What is the does the suffixes for -algia, - algesia mean? Provide an example.
A
Pain. Example: neuralgia, pain in the nerve
18
Q
What is the does the suffix for cele mean? Provide an example.
A
Hernia, localized dilation. Example: Gastrocele, hernia of the stomach
19
Q
What is the does the prefix for -clasis -clasia mean? Provide an example.
A
Breaking. Example: karyoclasis, breaking of a nucleus
20
Q
What is the does the prefix for -itis mean? Provide an example.
A
Inflammation. Example: cystitis, inflammation of the urinary bladder
21
Q
What is the does the suffix for -megaly mean? Provide an example.
A
Enlargement. Example: Hepatomegaly, enlargement of the liver
22
Q
What is the does the prefix for -Odynia mean? Provide an example.
A
Pain. Example: urodynia, pain on urination
23
Q
What is the does the suffix for -oma mean? Provide an example.
A
Tumor. Example: lipoma, tumor of fat cells
24
Q
What is the does the prefix for -pathy mean? Provide an example.
A
Any disease of. Example: nephropathy, any disease of the kidney
25
What is the does the prefix for -rhage -rhagia mean? Provide an example.
Bursting forth, profuse flow, hemorrhage. Example: hemorrhage, profuse flow of blood
Don't forget to double the r when adding this suffix to a root
26
What is the does the prefix for -rhea mean? Provide an example.
flow, discharge. Example: pyorrhea, discharge of pus
** don't forget to double the r when adding suffix to a root
27
What is the does the suffix for -rhexist mean? Provide an example.
Rupture. Example: amniorrhexis, rupture of the amniotic sac
28
What is the does the prefix for -schisis mean? Provide an example.
Fissure, splitting. Example: retionoschisis, splitting of the retina of the eye
29
What is the does the suffix for -dilation mean? Provide an example.
Expansion, widening. Example Vasodilation, widening of blood vessels
30
What is the does the prefix for -ectasia, -ectasis mean? Provide an example.
dilation, dilatation, distension. Example: gastrectasia, dilation of the stomach
31
What is the does the suffix for -Edema mean? Provide an example.
Accumulation of fluid, swelling. Example: Cephaledema, swelling of the head
32
What is the does the suffix for -lysis mean? Provide an example.
Separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction. Example: dialysis, separation of substance by passage through a membrane
33
What is the does the suffix for -malacia mean? Provide an example.
Softening. Example: craniomalacia softening of the skull
34
What is the does the prefix for -necrosis mean? Provide an example.
Death of tissue. Example: osteonecrosis, death of bone tissue
35
What is the does the suffix for -ptosis mean? Provide an example.
Dropping, downward displacement, prolapse. Example Blepharoptosis, dropping or drooping of the eyelid (blephar/o)
36
What is the does the suffix for -sclerosis mean? Provide an example.
Hardening. Example, phlebosclerosis, hardening of the veins
37
What is the does the suffix for -spasm mean? Provide an example.
Sudden contraction, cramp. Example: anteriospasm, spasm of an artery
38
What is the does the prefix for -stasis mean? Provide an example.
Supression, stoppage. Example: menostasis, supression of menstrual flow
39
What is the does the suffix for -stenosis mean? Provide an example.
Narrowing, constriction. Example, bronchostenosis, narrowing of broncus
40
What does the suffix for -toxin mean? Provide an example.
Poison. Example: Nephrotoxin, substance poisonous or harmful for the kidneys
41
What does the root aer/o mean? Also what is an example?
Air, gas. Example: aerobic, pertaining to or requiring air
42
What does the root bar/o mean? Also what is an example?
Pressure. Example: barometer, instrument used to measure pressure
43
What does the root chrom/o chrimat/o mean? Also what is an example?
Color, stain. Example: chromatic, having color
44
What does the root Chron/o mean? Also what is an example?
Time. Example Chronologic, arranged according to the time of occurrence
45
What does the root Cry/o mean? Also what is an example?
Cold. Example: cryoprobe, instrument used to apply extreme cold
46
What does the root electr/o mean? Also what is an example?
Electricity. Example: Electrolysis, decomposition of a substance by means of electric current
47
What does the root erg/o mean? Also what is an example?
Work. Example: synergistic, working together with increased effect, such as certain drugs in combination
48
What does the root phon/o mean? Also what is an example?
Sound, voice. Example: phonograph, instrument used to reproduce sound
49
What does the root phot/o mean? Also what is an example?
Light. Example photoreaction, response to light
50
What does the root radi/o mean? Also what is an example?
Radiation, x-ray. Example radiology, study and use of radiation
51
What does the root son/o mean? Also what is an example?
Sound. Example sonogram, record obtained by used of ultrasound
52
What does the root therm/o mean? Also what is an example?
Heat, temperature. Example, hypothermia, abnormally low body temperature
53
What does the suffix -desis mean? Also what is an example?
Binding, fusion, Example: pleurodesis, binding of the pleura
54
What does the suffix -ectomy mean? Also what is an example?
Excision, surgical removal. Example: Hepatectomy, excision of liver tissue
55
What does the suffix -pexy mean? Also what is an example?
Surgical fixation. Example: hysteropexy, surgical fixation of the uterus
56
What does the suffix -plasty mean? Also what is an example?
Plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction. Example: rhinoplasty, plastic surgery of the nose
57
What does the suffix -rhaphy mean? Also what is an example?
Surgical repair, suture. Example: herniorrhaphy, surgical repair of a hernia
58
What does the suffix -stomy mean? Also what is an example?
Surgical creation of an opening. Example: tracheostomy, creation of an opening into the trachea
59
What does the suffix -tome mean? Also what is an example?
Instrument for incising (cutting). Example: microtome, instrument for cutting thin sections of tissue for microscopic study
60
What does the suffix -tomy mean? Also what is an example?
Incision, cutting. Example: laparotomy, surgical incision of the abdomen
61
What does the suffix -tripsy mean? Also what is an example?
Crushing. Example: neurotripsy, crushing of a nerve
62
What does the suffix -lytic mean? Also what is an example?
Dissolving, reducing, loosening. Example: Thrombolytic, agent that dissolves a blood clot
63
What does the suffix -mimetic mean? Also what is an example?
Mimicking, simulating. Example: sympathomimetic, mimicking the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
64
What does the suffix -tropic mean? Also what is an example?
Acting on. Example: psychotropic, acting on the mind
65
What does the prefix anti- mean? Also what is an example?
Against, Example: antiemetic, drug that prevents vomiting
66
What does the prefix contra- mean? Also what is an example?
Oppose. Example: contraceptive, preventing conception
67
What does the prefix counter- mean? Also what is an example?
opposite. Example: countertransport, movement in an opposite direction
68
What does the root alg/o mean? Also what is an example?
Pain. Example: algesia, sense of pain
69
What does the root hypn/o mean? Also what is an example?
Sleep. Example: hypnosis, induced state of sleep
70
What does the root narc/o mean? Also what is an example?
Stupor. Example Narcotic, agent that induces a state of stupor with decreased sensation
71
What does the root pharm/o mean? Also what is an example?
drug, medicine. Example: Pharmacy, the science of preparing and dispensing drugs, or the place where these activities occur
72
What does the root pyr/o mean? Also what is an example?
Fever, Example: antipyretic, Counteracting fever
73
Neoplasia is what?
Uncontrolled growth tissue
74
A prolapse organ has what?
Dropped down
75
Trauma is what?
Injury
76
Death of tissue is termed what?
Necrosis
77
The etology of a disease is what?
Cause
78
A toxin is what?
Poison
79
A neoplasm that spreads to other parts of the body is described as what?
Malignant
80
A adenocarcinoma is a tumor of what?
Gland
81
A cancer of muscle or connective tissue is termed what?
Sarcoma
82
A sudden and severe disease of short duration is described as what?
Acute
83
A cyst is what?
Filled sac or pouch
84
A hernia is what?
Protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening
85
A lesion is what?
Wound
86
Metastasis is what?
Spreading of cancer
87
Any organism capable of causing disease is what?
Pathogen
88
Sepsis is caused by what?
Microorganisms
89
Cystitis is what?
Inflammation of the bladder
90
An antipyretic is used to do what?
Reduce fever
91
An analgesic is used to do what?
Reduce pain
92
Adenopathy is what?
Any disease of a gland
93
An endotoxin is what?
Poison found within a cell
94
An oncologist specializes in the study and treatment of what?
Tumors
95
Arterioscelerosis is what?
Hardening of the arteries
96
Pain in the stomach is what?
Gastralgia
97
A carcinogen produces what?
Cancer
98
The opposite of tachycardia is what?
Bradycardia
99
Xerotic conditions are what?
Dry
100
In pachycephaly, the skull is what?
Thick
101
A lipoma is what?
Fatty tumor
102
In osteoclasis, a bone is what?
Broken
103
The term hepatorrhexis describes?
Rupture of the liver
104
In retinoschisis, the retina of the eye is what?
Split
105
A word that means enlargement of the spleen is what?
Splenomegaly
106
Hepatomalacia is what?
Softening of the liver
107
Tracheostenosis is what?
Narrowing of the trachea
108
A word that means separation, dissolving, or destruction is what?
Lysis
109
A word for swelling caused by accumulation of fluid is what?
Edema
110
A synonym for dilation is what?
Ectasia
111
In blepharoptosis, the eyelids do what?
Droop
112
The word stasis means what?
stoppage
113
Mycology is the study of what?
Fungi
114
Chlamydia and rickettsia are types of what?
Bacteria
115
A stain commonly used in microbiology is named for what?
Gram
116
A disease that has no known cause is described as what?
Idiopathic
117
A nosocomial infection is acquired where?
In a hospital
118
The terms purulent, suppuration, and abscess pertain to what?
Pus
119
Material that escapes from blood vessels as a result of injury is what?
Exudate
120
Examination by touching the surface of the body is what?
Palpation
121
Auscultation is accomplished with what?
A stethoscope
122
An otoscope is used to examine what?
Ears
123
Biopsy is what?
Removal of tissue for microscopic examination
124
Staging is what?
A system used to evaluate tumors
125
The letters TNM relate to what?
Staging
126
A symptom is what?
Evidence of a disease
127
A method for learning control of involuntary responses is called what?
Biofeedback
128
The term hyperbaric refers to what?
Increased pressure
129
Cyrotherapy is treatment with what?
Cold
130
A chronic disease is does what?
persists over a long period of time
131
A chromophilic substance does what?
Attracts color
132
A phonostethograph does what?
Records chest sounds
133
A photosensitive person is reactive to what?
Light
134
A sonogram is also called what?
Echogram
135
A homeotermic animal retains the same what?
Temperature
136
An aerobic organism requires what?
Oxygen
137
A calorimeter does what?
Measures calories
138
A bronchoscope is a type of what?
Endoscope
139
A radiograph is made with what?
X-rays
140
Laparoscopy is what?
Examination of the abdomen
141
Binding of pleural membranes is called what?
Pleurodesis
142
Lithotripsy is what?
Crushing of a stone
143
Arthroplasty is what?
Plastic repair of a joint
144
In gastropexy, the stomach is what?
Surgically fixed
145
In hepatorrhaphy, the liver is what?
Repaired
146
In an adenectomy
A gland is removed
147
The term for creating an opening into the trachea is what?
Tracheostomy
148
Diaphoresis is what?
Profuse sweating
149
Sequelae are what?
The lasting effects of a disease
150
Syncope is what?
Fainting
151
Malaise is what?
A vague feeling of discomfort
152
Prevention of disease is what?
Prophylaxis
153
A catheter is what?
A thin tube
154
Lavage is what?
Washing
155
C and S stands for culture and sensitivity, a test done on what?
Bacteria
156
When the order is NPO, the patient
May not eat or drink
157
Analphylaxis is what?
Particularly severe allergic reaction
158
Another term for synergy is what?
Potentiation
159
Another term for brand name is what?
Proprietary name
160
The generic name of a drug is what?
The chemical name of the drug
161
Phytomedicine is what?
Herbal medicine
162
A drug antagonist does what?
Interferes with drug action
163
The efficiency of a drug is its
Effectiveness
164
A thrombolytic drug does what?
Dissolves blood clots
165
The ending of the word sympathomimetic means what?
Simulating
166
The prefix in the words antidote, anticoagulant, and anticonvulsant means what?
Against
167
When a drug is contraindicated, it is?
Not recommended for treatment
168
A hypnotic drug is one that does what?
Induces sleep
169
A pyrogen is a substance that causes what?
Fever
170
A toxicologist studies what?
poisons
171
An analgesic is used to reduce what?
Pain
172
A toxicologist studies what?
Poisons
173
An analgesic is used to reduce what?
Pain
174
A word that means acting on the gonads is what?
Gonadotropic
175
The study of drugs is what?
Pharmacology
176
An antiemetic acts to do what?
Prevent vomiting
177
An antihypertensive drug does what?
Decreases blood pressure
178
NSAIDs are a class of what?
Anti- inflammatory drugs
179
An antineoplastic drug does what?
Destroys cancer cells
180
Antiarrhythmics, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers act on what?
Heart
181
Proton pump inhibitors act on what?
digestive system
182
A psychotropic drugs acts on what?
Mind
183
An antitussive drug acts to do what?
Suppress coughing
184
An expectorant drug does what?
Induces coughing
185
Evening primrose oil and flax seeds are used to provide what?
Fatty acids
186
Aloe, echinacea, slippery elm bark are used to treat what?
Skin irratation
187
A drug given by the transdermal route is placed where?
On the surface of the skin
188
An aqueous solution is made in what?
Water
189
A subcutaneous injection is given where?
Under the skin
190
When tissue undergoes necrosis it does what?
It dies
191
A disease that affects many people in a given region at the same time is what?
Epidemic
192
Sepsis is what?
Infection
193
When a neoplasm metastasizes it does what?
Spreads
194
Sclerosis is what?
Hardening
195
Helminths are what?
Worms
196
A pyocyst contains what?
Pus
197
Bronchiectasis is what?
Widening of a bronchus
198
A bacillus has the shape of what?
Rod
199
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is what?
Ascites
200
Round bacteria is what?
Cocci
201
Edematous tissue is what?
Swollen
202
A slow heart rate is termed what?
Bradycardia
203
Softening of bone is called what?
Osteomalacia
204
Urodynia is what?
Pain or urination
205
Which syllable has the primary accent in antipyretic?
Ret
206
Which syllable has the primary accent in empyema?
E
207
White cells get rid of harmful organisms by the process of what?
Phagocytosis
208
The word ptosis describes what?
Prolapse
209
A disease acquired in a hospital is described as what?
Nosocomial
210
Bacteremia means presence of bacteria in what?
The blood
211
Percussion is what?
Tapping the body and listening to the sounds produced
212
When tissue is excised it is what?
Surgically removed
213
Treatment by insertion of thin needles into the body at specific points is what?
Acupuncture
214
A hemostat is used in surgery to do what?
Stop blood loss
215
When no signs of cancer remain, the cancer is said to be in what?
Remission
216
To unite parts by stitching them together is to do what?
Suture
217
Hypothermia is what?
Low body temperature
218
An ergometer measures what?
Work
219
Sonography produces images by what?
Ultrasound
220
A herniorrhaphy is what?
Surgical repair of a hernia
221
Clubbing affects what?
The fingers and toes
222
A sphygmomanometer measures what?
Blood pressure
223
The use of chemicals to treat disease is called what?
Chemotherapy
224
An electroencephalograph measures electrical activity of what?
The brain
225
Surgical fixation of the stomach is called what?
Gastropexy
226
Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to the lack of what?
Oxygen
227
Arthrodesis is what?
fusion of a joint
228
Which syllable has the primary accent in prognosis?
No
229
Healthcare that treats all aspects of a person is termed what?
Holistic
230
Prediction of disease outcome is what?
Prognosis
231
Aversion to light is what?
Photophobia
232
Treatment that provides relief, but not a cure is what?
Palliative
233
Puncture of a joint is what?
Arthrocentesis
234
An anxiolytic drug does what?
Reduces anxiety
235
The term vasomotor pertains to what?
Changes in the vessels
236
An anticoagulant does what?
Prevents blood clotting
237
Insulin, Humulin, Glucotrol are what?
Antidiabetics
238
An antineoplastic agent is active against what?
Cancer
239
A drug that promotes water excretion from the kidneys is what?
Diuretic
240
A thrombolytic drug targets what?
Blood clots
241
Pregnancy can be prevented using what?
Contraceptive
242
Epinephrine, phenylephrine, and pseudoephedrine are what?
adrenergic
243
Antihypertensive medications are used to do what?
lower blood pressure
244
A hypolipidemic drug is used to do what?
Lower cholesterol
245
A psychotropic drug is used to treat what type of disorder?
Mental
246
Antibiotics are effect against what?
Bacteria
247
An unintended outcome of drug use is what?
Side effects
248
Combined drug action is greater effect is called what?
Synergy
249
The nonproprietary name of a drug is its?
Generic name
250
Histamine antagonist and proton pump inhibitors are used to treat what type of disorders?
Gastrointestinal
