Chapter 8 special senses Flashcards
1
Q
What does the suffix -esthesia mean?
A
Sensation
2
Q
What does the suffix -algesia mean?
A
pain
3
Q
What does the suffix -osmia mean?
A
sense of smell
4
Q
What does the suffix -geusia mean?
A
sense of taste
5
Q
What does equilibrium mean?
A
Sense of balance
6
Q
What is gustation?
A
The sense of taste
7
Q
What is hearing?
A
The sense or perception of sound
8
Q
What is olfaction?
A
The sense of smell
9
Q
What is proprioception
A
The awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium
10
Q
What is sensory receptor?
A
A sensory nerve ending or a specialized structure associated with a sensory nerve that responds to stimulus
11
Q
What is tactile?
A
Pertaining to the sense of touch
12
Q
What is vision?
A
The sense by which the shape, size, and color of objects are perceived by means of the light they give off.
13
Q
What does the root audi/o mean?
A
Hearing
14
Q
What does the root acous, acus, cus mean?
A
Sound, hearing
15
Q
What does the root ot/o mean?
A
Ear
16
Q
What does the root myring/o mean?
A
tympanic membrane
17
Q
What does the root tympan/o mean?
A
Tympanic cavity (middle ear), tympanic membrane
18
Q
What does the root Salping/o mean?
A
Tube, auditory tube
19
Q
What does the root Staped/o mean?
A
Staples
20
Q
What does the root labyrinth/o mean?
A
Labyrinth
21
Q
What does the root vesibul/o mean?
A
Vestibule, vestibular apparatus
22
Q
What does the root Cochle/o mean?
A
Cochlea of inner ear
23
Q
What is the auditory lobe?
A
The tube that connects the inner ear with the nasopharynx and serves to equalize pressure between the outer and middle ear
24
Q
What is the cerumen?
A
The brownish, wax like secretion formed in the external canal to protect the ear and prevent infection
25
What is the cochlea
The coiled portion of the inner ear that contains the receptors for hearing
26
What is the external auditory canal
Tube that extends from the pinna of the ear to the tympanic membrane;
27
What is the incus?
The middle ossicle of the ear
28
What is the labyrinth?
The inner ear, named for its complex structure, which resembles a maze
29
What is the malleus?
the ossicle of the middle ear that is in contact with the tympanic membrane and the incus
30
What is the ossicles?
The small bones of the middle ear, the malleus, incus, and stapes
31
What is the pinna?
The projecting part of the outer ear; auricle
32
What is the semicircular canals?
The three curved channels of the inner ear that hold receptors for equilibrium
33
What is the spiral organ?
The hearing receptor, which is located in the cochlea of the inner ear; organ of the corti
34
What are the stapes?
The ossicle that is in contact with the inner ear
35
What is the tympanic membrane?
The membrane between the external auditory canal and the middle ear
36
What is the vestibular apparatus?
The portion of the inner ear that is concerned with the sense of equlibrium
37
What is the vestibule?
The chamber in the inner ear that holds some of the receptors for equilibrium
38
What is a vestibulocochlear nerve?
The nerve that transmits impulses and equilibrium from the ear to the brain
39
What is acoustic neuroma?
A tumor of the eighth cranial nerve sheath; although benign, it can press on surrounding tissue and produce symptoms
40
What is conductive hearing loss?
Hearing impairment that results from blockage of sound transmission to the inner ear
41
What is Meniere disease?
A disease associated with increased fluid pressure in the inner ear and characterized by hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus
42
What is otitis externa
Inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of serous or mucoid fluid
43
What is otoscerosis?
Formation of abnormal and sometimes hardened bony tissue in the ear, it usually occurs around the oval window and the footplate of the stapes, causing immobilization of the stapes and progressive loss of hearing
44
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Hearing impairment that results from damage to the inner ear, eighth cranial nerve, or auditory pathways in the brain
45
What is tinnitus?
A sensation of noises, such as ringing or tinkling, in the ear
46
What is vertigo?
A illusion of movement, as of the body moving in space or the environment moving about the body;
47
What is myringotomy
Surgical incision of the tympanic membrane; performed to drain the middle ear cavity or to insert a tube into the tympanic membrane for drainage
48
What is stapedectomy?
Surgical removal of the stapes; it may be combined with insertion of prosthesis to correct otosclerosis
49
What is aural?
Pertaining or perceived by the ear
50
What is Decibel?
A unit for measuring relative intensity of sound
51
What is hertz?
A unit for measuring the frequency (pitch) of sound
52
What is mastoid process?
A small projection of the temporal bone behind the external auditory canal; it consists of loosely arranged bony material and small, air-filled cavities
53
What is stapedius?
A small muscle attached to the stapes. It contracts in the presence of a loud sound, producing the acoustic reflex
54
What is cholesteatoma?
A cyst like mass containing cholesterol that is most common in the middle ear and mastoid region; a possible complication of chronic middle ear infection
55
What is labyrinthitis?
Inflammation of the labyrinth of the ear
56
What is mastoiditis?
Inflammation of the air cells of the mastoid process
57
What is presbycusis?
Loss of hearing caused by aging; also presbycusis
58
What is audiometry?
Measurement of hearing
59
What is electronystagmography (ENG)?
A method for recording eye movements by means of electrical responses;
60
What is otorhinolaryngology (ORL)?
The branch of medicine that deals with disease of the ears, nose, and throat
61
What is a otoscope?
Instrument for examining the ear
62
What is Rinne test?
Test that measures hearing by comparing results of bone conduction and air conduction
63
What is spondee?
A two syllable word with equal stress on each syllable; used in hearing tests;
64
What is weber tests?
Test for hearing loss that uses a vibrating tuning fork placed at the center of the head.
65
What does the root Blephar/o mean?
Eyelid
66
What does the root palpebr/o mean?
Eyelid
67
What does the root dacry/o mean?
Tear, lacrimal apparatus
68
What does the root dacryocyst/o mean?
Lacrimal Sac
69
What does the root Lacrim/o mean?
Tear, lacrimal apparatus
70
What does the root Opt/o mean?
Eye, vision
71
What does the root Ocul/o mean?
Eye
72
What does the root ophtalm/o mean?
Eye
73
What does the root Scler/o mean?
Sclera
74
What does the root Corne/o mean?
Cornea
75
What does the root Kerat/o mean?
Cornea
76
What does the root lent/i mean?
Lens
77
What does the root phak/o phac/o mean?
Lens
78
What does the root uve/o mean?
Uvea
79
What does the root chori/o choroid/o mean?
choroid
80
What does the root cycl/o mean?
ciliary body, ciliary muscle
81
What does the root ir/o irt/o irid/omean?
iris
82
What does the root pupill/o mean?
Pupil
83
What does the root retin/o mean?
retina
84
What does the suffix -opsia mean?
condition of vision
85
What does the suffix -opiamean?
conditions of eye, vision
86
What is accommodation?
Adjustment of the lens's curvature to allow for vision at various distances
87
What is aqueous humor?
Fluid that fills the eye anterior to the lens
88
What is the choroid?
The dark, vascular, middle layer of the eye
89
What is the ciliary body?
The muscular portion of the uvea that surrounds the lends and adjusts its shape for near and far vision
90
What is the cone?
A specialized cell in the retina that responds to light; cones have high visual acuity, function in bright light, and responds to colors
91
What is conjunctiva?
The mucous membrane that liens the eyelids and covers the eyeballs anterior surface
92
What is convergence?
Coordinated movement of the eyes towards fixation on the same point
93
What is the cornea?
The clear, anterior porition of the sclera
94
What is the fovea?
The tiny depression in the retina that is the point of sharpest vision
95
What is the iris?
The muscular colored ring between the lens and the cornea; regulates the amount of light that enters the eye by altering the size of the pupil at its center
96
What is the lacrimal gland?
A gland above the eye that produces tears
97
What is the lens?
The transparent, biconvex structure in the anterior portion of the eye that refracts light and functions in acommodation
98
What is the macula?
A small spot or colored area; used alone to mean the yellowish spot in the retina that contains the fovea
99
What is the optic disk?
The point where the optic nerve joins the retina; at this point there are no rods or cones; also called the blind spot
100
What is the orbit?
The bony cavity that contains the eyeball
101
What is the palpebra?
An eyelid
102
What is the pupil?
The opening at the center of the iris
103
What refraction?
The bending of light rays as they pass through the eye to focus on a specific point on the retina
104
What is the retina?
The innermost, light sensitive layer of the eye; contains the rods and cones, the specialized receptors for vision
105
What is the rod?
A specialized cell in the retina of the eye that responds to light; rods have low visual acuity, function in dim light, and do not discriminate color
106
What is the sclera?
The tough, white, fibrous outmost layer of the eye; the white of the eye
107
What is the uvea?
The middle, vascular layer of the eye
108
What is visual acuity?
Sharpness of vision
109
What is vitreous body?
The transparent jelly like mass that fills the main cavity of the eyeball; also called vitreous humor
110
What is age related macular degeneration(AMD)?
Deterioration of the macula associated with aging; macular degeneration impairs central vision
111
What is astigmatism?
A error of refraction caused by irregularity in the curvature of the cornea or lens
112
What is cataract?
Opacity of the lens of the eye
113
What is conjunctivitis?
Inflammation of the conjunctiva; pink eye
114
What is diabetic retinopathy?
Degenerative changes in the retina associated with diabetes mellitus
115
What is glaucoma?
A disease of the eye caused by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic disk and causes loss of vision. usually results from faulty fluid drainage from the anterior portion of the eye
116
What is hyperopia?
An error of refraction in which light rays focus behind the retina and objects can be seen clearly only when far from the eye; farsightedness
117
What is myopia?
Nearsightedness; An error of refraction in which the rays focus in the front of the retina and objects can be seen clearly only when very close
118
What is ophthalmia neonatorum?
Severe conjunctivitis usually caused by infection with gonococcus during birth
119
What is phacoemulsification?
Removal of cataract by ultrasonic destruction and extraction of the lens
120
What is prebyopia?
Changes in the eye that occur with age; the lens loses elasticity and the ability to accommodate for near vision
121
What is retinal detachment?
Separation of the retina from the underlying layer of the eye
