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MEDT 211 > Chapter 14 Urinary system > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

What does the root Ren/o mean?

A

Kidney

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2
Q

What does the root Nephr/o mean?

A

Kidney

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3
Q

What does the root Glomerul/o mean?

A

Glomerulus

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4
Q

What does the root pyel/o mean?

A

Renal pelvis

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5
Q

What does the root Cali/o Calic/o mean?

A

Calyx

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6
Q

What does the root ur/o mean?

A

Urine

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7
Q

What does the root urin/o mean?

A

Urine

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8
Q

What does the root ureter/o mean?

A

Ureter

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9
Q

What does the root Cyst/o mean?

A

Urinary Bladder

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10
Q

What does the root Vesic/o mean?

A

Urinary bladder

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11
Q

What does the root Urethr/o mean?

A

Urethra

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12
Q

Renin is an enzyme that activates?

A

Angiotensin

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13
Q

A hormone from the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production is what?

A

Erythropoietin

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14
Q

The outer region of an organ is what?

A

Cortex

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15
Q

Angiotensin acts to do what?

A

Increase blood pressure

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16
Q

The active units of the kidney are what?

A

Nephrons

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17
Q

The glomerulus is what?

A

A cluster of capillaries that filter blood

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18
Q

The material that leaves the blood and enters the nephron makes up what?

A

Glomerular filtrate

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19
Q

The main nitrogenous waste in urine is what?

A

urea

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20
Q

A hormone that acts to concentrate the urine is what?

A

Antidiuretic hormone

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21
Q

The tube between the kidney and the bladder is what?

A

ureter

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22
Q

Micturition is what?

A

Another term for urination

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23
Q

Perirenal means what?

A

Around the kidney

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24
Q

Nephropathy is what?

A

Any disease of the kidney

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25
Q

Something that is harmful for the kidney is described as what?

A

Nephrotoxic

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26
Q

The juxtaglomerular region is where?

A

Near the glomerulus

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27
Q

The trigone is what?

A

A triangle at the base of the bladder

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28
Q

Pyelextasis is what?

A

Dilation of the ureter’s upper portion

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29
Q

The term calicectomy means what?

A

Surgical removal of the calyx

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30
Q

Pyelonephritis is what?

A

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

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31
Q

Oliguria is what?

A

Excretion of a decreased amount of urine

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32
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the ureter is what?

A

Hydroureter

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33
Q

The term transurethral means what?

A

Through the urethra

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34
Q

A urethrotome is used to do what?

A

incise the urethra

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35
Q

Painful or difficult urination is what?

A

Dysuria

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36
Q

Cystotomy is what?

A

Incision of the urinary bladder

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37
Q

Ureteropyeloplasty is what?

A

Plastic repair of the ureter and renal pelvis

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38
Q

The root for the term prevesiical means what?

A

Urinary bladder

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39
Q

A cystocele is what?

A

Hernia of the bladder

40
Q

A cystoscope is used to do what?

A

Examine the bladder

41
Q

Pyuria is the presence of what?

A

Pus in the urine

42
Q

Natriuria is what?

A

Sodium in the urine

43
Q

Casts are what?

A

Small molds of the kidney tubules

44
Q

A method for removing waste materials from the blood is what?

A

Hemodialysis

45
Q

A hormone that regulates electrolyte excretion is what?

A

Aldosterone

46
Q

A diuretic acts to do what?

A

Increase excretion of urine

47
Q

Epispadias and hypospadias are what?

A

Abnormal openings of the urethra

48
Q

Polydipsia is what?

A

Excessive thirst

49
Q

An anion gap test indicates what?

A

An electrolyte imbalance

50
Q

IVP, IVU, and KUB are what?

A

Radiographic tests

51
Q

BUN is a measure of what?

A

uremia

52
Q

GFR and Tm are measures of what?

A

Kidney activity

53
Q

The enzyme renin acts to do what?

A

Raise blood pressure

54
Q

Angiotensin raises blood pressure by causing what?

A

Vasoconstriction

55
Q

The renal pelvis is what?

A

The upper part of the ureter

56
Q

The structure around a glomerulus is what?

A

The glomerular capsule

57
Q

The pituitary hormone that helps to regulate water balance is what?

A

ADH

58
Q

Materials are returned from the kidney to the blood by the process of what?

A

Tubular reabsorption

59
Q

Micturition is what?

A

Voiding of urine

60
Q

A suprarenal structure is located where?

A

Above the kidney

61
Q

Calicectasis is what?

A

Dilation of a renal calyx

62
Q

A Pyelogram is what?

A

Radiograph of the renal pelvis

63
Q

Ureterostenosis is what?

A

Narrowing of a ureter

64
Q

An intravesical stone is located where?

A

Within the bladder

65
Q

Transurethral is what?

A

Through the urethra

66
Q

Urinary stasis is what?

A

lack of urine flow

67
Q

Hyperkalemia is what?

A

High levels of potassium in the urine

68
Q

Ileal conduit is what?

A

Removal of the ileum

69
Q

In cases of azoturia, there is what?

A

Excess nitrogen in the urine

70
Q

Creatinine is what?

A

By product of muscle metabolism

71
Q

A Wilms tumor involves what?

A

Kidney

72
Q

Red blood cell production is stimulated by the kidney hormone what?

A

Erythropoietin

73
Q

The renal medulla is divided into what?

A

pyramids

74
Q

Filtration takes place where?

A

Glomerulus

75
Q

The main waste material excreted from the kidneys is what?

A

Urea

76
Q

Each kidney is connected to the bladder by what?

A

Ureter

77
Q

Softening of the kidney is termed?

A

Nephrectasis

78
Q

Glomerulonephritis is caused specifically by what?

A

An immunologic reaction

79
Q

Failure of the kidneys to eliminate sodium leads to what?

A

Hypernatremia

80
Q

Nocturia means what?

A

Urination during the night

81
Q

Which syllable has the primary accent in antidiuretic?

A

ret

82
Q

Which syllable has the primary accent in angiotensin?

A

Ten

83
Q

Which syllable has the primary accent in micturition

A

rish

84
Q

Which syllable has the primary accent in hypoproteinemia

A

ne

85
Q

Which syllable has the primary accent in hypernatremia?

A

Tre

86
Q

Which syllable has the primary accent in pyelonephritis?

A

Fri

87
Q

Which syllable has the primary accent in uropoiesis?

A

E

88
Q

Which syllable has the primary accent in ureterotomy?

A

Ot

89
Q

Which syllable has the primary accent in Ureterostenosis?

A

no

90
Q

The renal artery and vein circulate blood to what?

A

Kidney

91
Q

Pyelectasis is the dilation of what?

A

renal pelvis

92
Q

The glomerular capsule and the proximal and distal tubules are part of what?

A

Nephron

93
Q

A hormone that regulates excretion is what?

A

ADH

94
Q

Excess potassium in the blood is what?

A

Hyperkalemia

95
Q

A lithotomy is done to remove what?

A

Calculus

96
Q

A word that means “near the glomerulus” is what?

A

Juxtaglomerular

MEDT 211 (16 decks)

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