Chapter 7 Nervous system and mental Health Flashcards
1
Q
What does the root word Neur/o, Neur/i mean?
A
Nervous system, Nervous tissue, nerve
2
Q
What does the root word gli/o mean?
A
Neuroglia
3
Q
What does the root word gangli/o, ganglion/o mean?
A
Ganglion
4
Q
What does the root word mening/o, meninge/o mean?
A
Meninges
5
Q
What does the root word myel/o mean?
A
Spinal cord
6
Q
What does the root word radicul/o mean?
A
Spinal nerve root
7
Q
What does the Suffix word -phasia mean?
A
Speech
8
Q
What does the Suffix word -lalia mean?
A
Speech, babble
9
Q
What does the Suffix word -lexia mean?
A
Reading
10
Q
What does the Suffix word -plegia mean?
A
paralysis
11
Q
What does the Suffix word -paresis mean?
A
partial paralysis
12
Q
What does the Suffix word -lepsy mean?
A
Seizure
13
Q
What does the Suffix word -phobia mean?
A
Persistent, irrational fear
14
Q
What does the Suffix word -mania mean?
A
Excited state, obsession
15
Q
What does the root word encephal/o mean?
A
Brain
16
Q
What does the root word cerebr/o mean?
A
cerebrum
17
Q
What does the root word cortic/o mean?
A
Cerebral cortex, outer portion
18
Q
What does the root word cerebell/o mean?
A
cerebellum
19
Q
What does the root word thalam/o mean?
A
thalamus
20
Q
What does the root word ventricul/o mean?
A
cavity, ventricle
21
Q
What does the root word medull/o mean?
A
medulla oblongata
22
Q
What does the root word psych/o mean?
A
mind
23
Q
What does the root word narc/o mean?
A
stupor, unconsciousness
24
Q
What does the root word somn/o, somn/i mean?
A
sleep
25
What does afferent mean?
Carrying forward a given point, such as the sensory neurons and nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS
26
What is arachnoid mater?
The middle part of the meninges
27
What is the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
The division of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities, controlling smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands; the visceral nervous system
28
What is the axon?
The fiber of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body
29
What is the brain?
The nervous tissue contained within the cranium; consists of the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum
30
What is the brainstem?
The part of the brain that consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
31
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
The brain and spinal cord
32
What is the cerebellum?
The posterior portion of the brain dorsal to the pons and medulla; helps to coordinate movement and to maintain balance and posture
33
What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
The watery fluid that circulates in and around the brain and spinal cord as protection
34
What is the cranial nerves?
The 12 pairs of nerves that are connected to the brain
35
What is the dendrites?
A fiber of a neuron that conducts impulses towards the cell body
36
What is the diencephalon?
The part of the brain that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland; located between the cerebrum and the brainstem
37
What is the dura matter?
The strong, fibrous outermost layer of the meninges
38
What is the efferent?
Carrying away from a given point, such as the motor neurons and nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS
39
What is the ganglion?
A collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS
40
What is the gray matter?
Unmyelinated tissue of the nervous system
41
What is the gyrus?
a raised convolution of the surface of the cerebrum
42
What is the hypothalamus?
The part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and maintains homeostasis?
43
What is the interneuron?
A neuron located between a sensory and motor neuron in a neural pathway, such as the neurons that transmit impulses within the CNS
44
What is the medulla oblongata?
The portion of the brain that connects with spinal cord. It has vital centers for control of respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure
45
What is the meninges?
The three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
46
What is the midbrain?
The part of the brainstem between the diencephalon and the pons; contains centers for coordination of reflexes for vision and hearing
47
What is the myelin?
Whitish, fatty substances that surrounds certain axons of the nervous system
48
What is neuroglia?
The supportive cells of the nervous system; also called glial cells
49
What is the neuron?
The basic unit of the nervous system; a nerve cell
50
What is a neurotransmitter?
A chemical that transmits energy across a synapse.
51
What is a nerve?
A bundle of nerve cell fibers outside the CNS
52
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
The part of the automatic nervous system that reveres the response to stress and restores homeostasis. It slows heart rate and respiration rate and stimulates activity of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
53
What is the peripheral nervous system?
The portion of the nervous system outside the CNS
54
What is the pia mater?
The innermost layer of the meninges
55
What is the pons?
A rounded area on the ventral surface of the brainstem; contains fibers that connect regions of the brain
56
What is a reflex?
A simple, rapid, and automatic response to a stimulus
57
What is a root?
A branch of a spinal nerve that connects with the spinal cord
58
What is sensory?
Describing neurons that carry impulses towards the CNS
59
What is the somatic nervous system?
The division of the nervous system that controls skeletal muscles
60
What is the spinal cord?
The nervous tissue contained within the spinal column
61
What are the spinal nerves?
The 31 pairs of nerves that connect with the spinal cord
62
What is the sulcus?
A shallow furrow or groove, as on the surface of the cerebrum
63
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
The part of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes a response to stress; increases heart rate and respiration rate and delivers more blood to skeletal muscles
64
What is the synapse?
The junction between two neurons; also the junction between a motor neuron and a muscle or gland
65
What is the thalamus?
The part of the brain that receives all the sensory impulses, except those for the sense of smell, and directs them to the proper portion of the cerebral cortex
66
What is the tract?
A bundle of nerve cells fibers within the CNS
67
What is the ventricle?
A small cavity, such as one of the cavities in the brain in which CSF is produced
68
What is the visceral nervous system?
The autonomic nervous system
69
What is white matter?
Myelinated tissue of the nervous system
70
What is Alzheimer disease?
A form of dementia caused by atrophy of the cerebral cortex
71
What is amyloid?
A starch like substance of unknown composition that accumulates in the brain in Alzheimer and other diseases
72
What is a aneurysm?
A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel that results from weakness of the vessel wall
73
What is aphasia?
Specifically, loss or defect in speech communication
74
What is astrocytoma?
A neuroglial tumor composed of astrocytes
75
What is a cerebral contusion?
A bruise to the surface of the brain following a blow to the head
76
What is a cerebrovascular accident?
Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of cerebral blood flow.
77
What is a coma?
State of deep unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused
78
What is a concussion?
Injury resulting from a violent blow or shock
79
What is confusion?
A state of reduced comprehension, coherence, and reasoning ability resulting in inappropriate responses to environmental stimuli
80
What is contrecoup injury?
Damage to the brain on the side opposite the point of a blow as result of the brain hitting the skull
81
What is a convulsion?
A series of violent, involuntary muscle contractions
82
What is dementia?
A gradual and usually irreversible loss of intellectual function
83
What is a embolism?
Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other material carried into the circulation
84
What is encephalitis?
Inflammation in the brain
85
What is epilepsy?
A chronic disease involving periodic sudden bursts of electric activity from brain
86
What is glioma?
A tumor of neuroglia cells
87
What is hemiparesis?
Partial paralysis or weakness of one side of the body
88
What is hemiplegia?
Paralysis of one side of the body
89
What is hydrocephalus?
Increased accumulation of CSF in or around the brain as result of obstruction to flow. May be caused by tumor, inflammation, hemorrhage, or congenital abnormality
90
What is insomnia?
Insufficient or nonrestorative sleep despite ample opportunity to sleep
91
What is Meningioma?
Tumor of the meninges
92
What is meningitis?
Inflammation of the meninges
93
What is multi-infarct dementia?
Dementia caused by chronic cerebral ischemia
94
What is multiple sclerosis?
A chronic, progressive disease involving loss of myelin in the CNS
95
What is narcolepsy?
Brief, uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day
96
What is neurilemmoma?
A tumor of the sheath of peripheral nerve
97
What is paralysis?
Temporary or permanent loss of function
98
What is parkinsonism?
A disorder originating in the basal ganglia and characterized by slow movements, tremor, rigidity, and mask-like face
99
What is a seizure?
A sudden attack ,as seen in epilepsy
100
What is shingles?
A acute viral infection that follows nerve pathways causing small lesions on the skin
101
What is sleep apnea?
Brief periods of breathing cessation during sleep
102
What is a stroke?
Sudden interference with bldod flow in one or more cerebral vessels leading to oxygen deprivation and necrosis of brain tissue; caused by a blood clot in a vessel or rupture of a vessel
103
What is a subdural hematoma?
Accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater
104
What is thrombosis?
Development of a blood clot within a vessel
105
What is a tremor?
A shaking or involuntary movement
106
What is carotid endarterectomy?
Surgical removal of the lining of the carotid artery
107
What is the cerebral angiography?
Radiographic study of the blood vessels of the brain after injection of contrast medium
108
What is electroencephalography?
Amplification, recording, and interpretation of the brain's electric activity
109
what is L-dopa?
A drug used in treatment of parkinsonism
110
What is a lumbar puncture?
Puncture of subarachnoid space in the lumbar region of the spinal cord to remove spinal fluid for diagnosis to inject anesthesia
111
What is polysomnography?
Simultaneous monitoring of a variety of physiologic functions during sleep to diagnose sleep disorders
112
What is anxiety?
A feeling of fear, worry, uneasiness, or dread
113
What is ADHD?
A condition that begins in childhood and is characterized by attention problems, easy boredom, impulsive behavior, and hyperactivity
114
What is autism?
A disorder of unknown cause consisting of self absorption, lack of response to social contact and affection
115
What is autism spectrum disorder?
A disability that falls within a range of neurodevelopmental impairments that appears early in life and affects social interactions
116
What is bipolar disorder?
A form of depression with episodes of mania
117
What isa delusion?
A false belief inconsistent with knowledge and experience
118
What is depression?
A mental state characterized by profound feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, and lack of interest or pleasure in activities
119
What is dysthymia?
A mild form of depression that usually develops in a response to a serious life event
120
What is a hallucination?
A false perception unrelated to reality or external stimuli
121
What is mania?
A state of elation, which may include agitation, hyperexcitability, or hyperactivity
122
What is OCD?
A condition associated with recurrent and intrusive thoughts, images, and repetitive behaviors performed to relieve anxiety
123
What is panic disorder?
A form of anxiety disorder marked by episodes of intense fear
124
What is paranoia?
A mental state characterized by jealousy, delusions of persecution, or perceptions of threat or harm
125
What is a phobia?
An extreme, persistent fear of specific object or situation
126
What PTSD?
persistent emotional disturbances that follow exposure to life threatening, catastrophic events, such as trauma, abuse, natural disasters, and warfare
127
What is psychosis?
A mental disorder extreme enough to cause gross misperception of reality with delusions and hallucinations
128
What is schizophrenia?
A poorly understood group of severe mental disorders with features of psychosis, delusions, hallucinations, and withdrawn or bizarre behavior
