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MEDT 211 > Chapter 7 Nervous system and mental Health > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Nervous system and mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

What does the root word Neur/o, Neur/i mean?

A

Nervous system, Nervous tissue, nerve

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2
Q

What does the root word gli/o mean?

A

Neuroglia

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3
Q

What does the root word gangli/o, ganglion/o mean?

A

Ganglion

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4
Q

What does the root word mening/o, meninge/o mean?

A

Meninges

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5
Q

What does the root word myel/o mean?

A

Spinal cord

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6
Q

What does the root word radicul/o mean?

A

Spinal nerve root

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7
Q

What does the Suffix word -phasia mean?

A

Speech

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8
Q

What does the Suffix word -lalia mean?

A

Speech, babble

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9
Q

What does the Suffix word -lexia mean?

A

Reading

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10
Q

What does the Suffix word -plegia mean?

A

paralysis

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11
Q

What does the Suffix word -paresis mean?

A

partial paralysis

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12
Q

What does the Suffix word -lepsy mean?

A

Seizure

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13
Q

What does the Suffix word -phobia mean?

A

Persistent, irrational fear

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14
Q

What does the Suffix word -mania mean?

A

Excited state, obsession

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15
Q

What does the root word encephal/o mean?

A

Brain

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16
Q

What does the root word cerebr/o mean?

A

cerebrum

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17
Q

What does the root word cortic/o mean?

A

Cerebral cortex, outer portion

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18
Q

What does the root word cerebell/o mean?

A

cerebellum

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19
Q

What does the root word thalam/o mean?

A

thalamus

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20
Q

What does the root word ventricul/o mean?

A

cavity, ventricle

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21
Q

What does the root word medull/o mean?

A

medulla oblongata

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22
Q

What does the root word psych/o mean?

A

mind

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23
Q

What does the root word narc/o mean?

A

stupor, unconsciousness

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24
Q

What does the root word somn/o, somn/i mean?

A

sleep

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25
Q

What does afferent mean?

A

Carrying forward a given point, such as the sensory neurons and nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS

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26
Q

What is arachnoid mater?

A

The middle part of the meninges

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27
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

The division of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities, controlling smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands; the visceral nervous system

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28
Q

What is the axon?

A

The fiber of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body

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29
Q

What is the brain?

A

The nervous tissue contained within the cranium; consists of the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum

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30
Q

What is the brainstem?

A

The part of the brain that consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

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31
Q

What is the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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32
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

The posterior portion of the brain dorsal to the pons and medulla; helps to coordinate movement and to maintain balance and posture

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33
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

A

The watery fluid that circulates in and around the brain and spinal cord as protection

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34
Q

What is the cranial nerves?

A

The 12 pairs of nerves that are connected to the brain

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35
Q

What is the dendrites?

A

A fiber of a neuron that conducts impulses towards the cell body

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36
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

The part of the brain that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland; located between the cerebrum and the brainstem

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37
Q

What is the dura matter?

A

The strong, fibrous outermost layer of the meninges

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38
Q

What is the efferent?

A

Carrying away from a given point, such as the motor neurons and nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS

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39
Q

What is the ganglion?

A

A collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

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40
Q

What is the gray matter?

A

Unmyelinated tissue of the nervous system

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41
Q

What is the gyrus?

A

a raised convolution of the surface of the cerebrum

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42
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

The part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and maintains homeostasis?

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43
Q

What is the interneuron?

A

A neuron located between a sensory and motor neuron in a neural pathway, such as the neurons that transmit impulses within the CNS

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44
Q

What is the medulla oblongata?

A

The portion of the brain that connects with spinal cord. It has vital centers for control of respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure

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45
Q

What is the meninges?

A

The three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

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46
Q

What is the midbrain?

A

The part of the brainstem between the diencephalon and the pons; contains centers for coordination of reflexes for vision and hearing

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47
Q

What is the myelin?

A

Whitish, fatty substances that surrounds certain axons of the nervous system

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48
Q

What is neuroglia?

A

The supportive cells of the nervous system; also called glial cells

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49
Q

What is the neuron?

A

The basic unit of the nervous system; a nerve cell

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50
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

A chemical that transmits energy across a synapse.

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51
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A bundle of nerve cell fibers outside the CNS

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52
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

The part of the automatic nervous system that reveres the response to stress and restores homeostasis. It slows heart rate and respiration rate and stimulates activity of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.

53
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

The portion of the nervous system outside the CNS

54
Q

What is the pia mater?

A

The innermost layer of the meninges

55
Q

What is the pons?

A

A rounded area on the ventral surface of the brainstem; contains fibers that connect regions of the brain

56
Q

What is a reflex?

A

A simple, rapid, and automatic response to a stimulus

57
Q

What is a root?

A

A branch of a spinal nerve that connects with the spinal cord

58
Q

What is sensory?

A

Describing neurons that carry impulses towards the CNS

59
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

The division of the nervous system that controls skeletal muscles

60
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A

The nervous tissue contained within the spinal column

61
Q

What are the spinal nerves?

A

The 31 pairs of nerves that connect with the spinal cord

62
Q

What is the sulcus?

A

A shallow furrow or groove, as on the surface of the cerebrum

63
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

The part of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes a response to stress; increases heart rate and respiration rate and delivers more blood to skeletal muscles

64
Q

What is the synapse?

A

The junction between two neurons; also the junction between a motor neuron and a muscle or gland

65
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

The part of the brain that receives all the sensory impulses, except those for the sense of smell, and directs them to the proper portion of the cerebral cortex

66
Q

What is the tract?

A

A bundle of nerve cells fibers within the CNS

67
Q

What is the ventricle?

A

A small cavity, such as one of the cavities in the brain in which CSF is produced

68
Q

What is the visceral nervous system?

A

The autonomic nervous system

69
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated tissue of the nervous system

70
Q

What is Alzheimer disease?

A

A form of dementia caused by atrophy of the cerebral cortex

71
Q

What is amyloid?

A

A starch like substance of unknown composition that accumulates in the brain in Alzheimer and other diseases

72
Q

What is a aneurysm?

A

A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel that results from weakness of the vessel wall

73
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Specifically, loss or defect in speech communication

74
Q

What is astrocytoma?

A

A neuroglial tumor composed of astrocytes

75
Q

What is a cerebral contusion?

A

A bruise to the surface of the brain following a blow to the head

76
Q

What is a cerebrovascular accident?

A

Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of cerebral blood flow.

77
Q

What is a coma?

A

State of deep unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused

78
Q

What is a concussion?

A

Injury resulting from a violent blow or shock

79
Q

What is confusion?

A

A state of reduced comprehension, coherence, and reasoning ability resulting in inappropriate responses to environmental stimuli

80
Q

What is contrecoup injury?

A

Damage to the brain on the side opposite the point of a blow as result of the brain hitting the skull

81
Q

What is a convulsion?

A

A series of violent, involuntary muscle contractions

82
Q

What is dementia?

A

A gradual and usually irreversible loss of intellectual function

83
Q

What is a embolism?

A

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other material carried into the circulation

84
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Inflammation in the brain

85
Q

What is epilepsy?

A

A chronic disease involving periodic sudden bursts of electric activity from brain

86
Q

What is glioma?

A

A tumor of neuroglia cells

87
Q

What is hemiparesis?

A

Partial paralysis or weakness of one side of the body

88
Q

What is hemiplegia?

A

Paralysis of one side of the body

89
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

Increased accumulation of CSF in or around the brain as result of obstruction to flow. May be caused by tumor, inflammation, hemorrhage, or congenital abnormality

90
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Insufficient or nonrestorative sleep despite ample opportunity to sleep

91
Q

What is Meningioma?

A

Tumor of the meninges

92
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges

93
Q

What is multi-infarct dementia?

A

Dementia caused by chronic cerebral ischemia

94
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

A chronic, progressive disease involving loss of myelin in the CNS

95
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Brief, uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day

96
Q

What is neurilemmoma?

A

A tumor of the sheath of peripheral nerve

97
Q

What is paralysis?

A

Temporary or permanent loss of function

98
Q

What is parkinsonism?

A

A disorder originating in the basal ganglia and characterized by slow movements, tremor, rigidity, and mask-like face

99
Q

What is a seizure?

A

A sudden attack ,as seen in epilepsy

100
Q

What is shingles?

A

A acute viral infection that follows nerve pathways causing small lesions on the skin

101
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

Brief periods of breathing cessation during sleep

102
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Sudden interference with bldod flow in one or more cerebral vessels leading to oxygen deprivation and necrosis of brain tissue; caused by a blood clot in a vessel or rupture of a vessel

103
Q

What is a subdural hematoma?

A

Accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater

104
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

Development of a blood clot within a vessel

105
Q

What is a tremor?

A

A shaking or involuntary movement

106
Q

What is carotid endarterectomy?

A

Surgical removal of the lining of the carotid artery

107
Q

What is the cerebral angiography?

A

Radiographic study of the blood vessels of the brain after injection of contrast medium

108
Q

What is electroencephalography?

A

Amplification, recording, and interpretation of the brain’s electric activity

109
Q

what is L-dopa?

A

A drug used in treatment of parkinsonism

110
Q

What is a lumbar puncture?

A

Puncture of subarachnoid space in the lumbar region of the spinal cord to remove spinal fluid for diagnosis to inject anesthesia

111
Q

What is polysomnography?

A

Simultaneous monitoring of a variety of physiologic functions during sleep to diagnose sleep disorders

112
Q

What is anxiety?

A

A feeling of fear, worry, uneasiness, or dread

113
Q

What is ADHD?

A

A condition that begins in childhood and is characterized by attention problems, easy boredom, impulsive behavior, and hyperactivity

114
Q

What is autism?

A

A disorder of unknown cause consisting of self absorption, lack of response to social contact and affection

115
Q

What is autism spectrum disorder?

A

A disability that falls within a range of neurodevelopmental impairments that appears early in life and affects social interactions

116
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

A form of depression with episodes of mania

117
Q

What isa delusion?

A

A false belief inconsistent with knowledge and experience

118
Q

What is depression?

A

A mental state characterized by profound feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, and lack of interest or pleasure in activities

119
Q

What is dysthymia?

A

A mild form of depression that usually develops in a response to a serious life event

120
Q

What is a hallucination?

A

A false perception unrelated to reality or external stimuli

121
Q

What is mania?

A

A state of elation, which may include agitation, hyperexcitability, or hyperactivity

122
Q

What is OCD?

A

A condition associated with recurrent and intrusive thoughts, images, and repetitive behaviors performed to relieve anxiety

123
Q

What is panic disorder?

A

A form of anxiety disorder marked by episodes of intense fear

124
Q

What is paranoia?

A

A mental state characterized by jealousy, delusions of persecution, or perceptions of threat or harm

125
Q

What is a phobia?

A

An extreme, persistent fear of specific object or situation

126
Q

What PTSD?

A

persistent emotional disturbances that follow exposure to life threatening, catastrophic events, such as trauma, abuse, natural disasters, and warfare

127
Q

What is psychosis?

A

A mental disorder extreme enough to cause gross misperception of reality with delusions and hallucinations

128
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

A poorly understood group of severe mental disorders with features of psychosis, delusions, hallucinations, and withdrawn or bizarre behavior

MEDT 211 (16 decks)

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