Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Question 1

Fermentation

Answer 1

A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product such as lactic acid

Question 2

Cellular Respiration

Answer 2

The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which breaks down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP

Question 3

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 3

A catabolic pathway for molecules using oxygen as the final electron acceptor in an electron transport chain and ultimately producing ATP

Reactants - oxygen and organic fuels

Products - Carbon dioxide, water, and energy

Question 4

Redox Reaction

Answer 4

A chemical reaction involving the compete or partial transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another

Question 5

Oxidation

Answer 5

The complete or partial loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction

Question 6

Reduction

Answer 6

The complete or partial addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction

Question 7

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 7

The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain

Question 8

Substrate-level Phosphorylation

Answer 8

The enzyme-catalyze formation of ATP by direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism

Question 9

Glycolysis

Answer 9

A series of reaction that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate. It serves as the starting point for cellular respiration

• Cell uses 2 ATP initially,
• 4 ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation
• 2 NADH and 2H+ ions formed

Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate and 2 H2O

Question 10

Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

Answer 10

• Pyruvate’ s carboxyl group is fully oxidized and given off as a molecule of carbon dioxide.
• remaining two carbon fragment is oxidized and the electrons are transformed to NAD+ storing it in the form of NADH
• CoA is attached by its sulfur atom to the two carbon intermediate, forming Acetyl CoA
• Acetyl CoA has a high potential energy, which is used to transfer the Acetyl group to a molecule in the citric acid cycle

Question 11

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 11

• A chemical cycle involving 8 steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing Acetyl CoA to carbon dioxide.
• Occurs within the mitochondria
• Yields 6 NADH and 2FADH2 which are shuttled to the electron transport chain
• equivalent of 2 ATP

Question 12

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 12

Produces 26 or 28 ATP through an electron transport chain

Question 13

Electron transport chain

Answer 13

A sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons down a series of redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP

Question 14

Total ATP produced in Cellular Respiration

Answer 14

32 maximum ATP produced per molecule of glucose