Chapter 30: Plant Diversity - The Evolution Of Seed Plants Flashcards
Integument
Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant
Ovule
A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte
Pollen grain
In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall
Pollination
The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization
Conifer
A member of the largest Gymnosperm phylum. Most conifers are cone-bearing trees such as pines and firs
Flower
In an angiosperm, a specialized shoot with up to four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction
Sepals
A modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protects a flower bud before it opens
Petals
A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators
Stamen
The pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament
Filament
In an angiosperm, the stalk portion of the stamen
Anther
The terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form
Carpels
The ovule producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
Stigma
The sticky part of a flower’s carpel, which receives pollen grains
Style
The stalk of a flower’s carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top
Ovary
In flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop
Pistil
A single carpel, or group of fused carpels
Fruit
A mature ovary of a flower. the fruit protects dormant seeds and often functions in their dispersal
Embryo sac
The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure that typically has eight haploid nuclei
Cross-pollination
In angiosperms, the transfer of pollen from an anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species
Micropyle
A pore in the integumentary of an ovule
Double fertilization
A mechanism in fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte to form the zygote and endosperm
Cotyledon
A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have one and other have two
Endosperm
In angiosperms, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization. The endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds
Monocots
A member of a clade consisting of flowering plants that have one embryonic seed leaf or cotyledon
Dicots
Flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons. Recent molecular evidence indicates that dicots do not form a clade; species once classified as dicots are now grouped into eudicots, magnoliids, and several lineages of basal angiosperms
Eudicots
A member of a clade that contains the vast majority of flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves or cotyledons
Basal Angiosperm
A member of one of three clades of early-diverging lineages of extant flowering plants
Magnoliids
A member of the angiosperm clade that is most closely related to the combined eudicots and monocot clades