Chapter 30: Plant Diversity - The Evolution Of Seed Plants

Question 1

Integument

Answer 1

Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant

Question 2

Ovule

Answer 2

A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte

Question 3

Pollen grain

Answer 3

In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall

Question 4

Pollination

Answer 4

The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization

Question 5

Conifer

Answer 5

A member of the largest Gymnosperm phylum. Most conifers are cone-bearing trees such as pines and firs

Question 6

Flower

Answer 6

In an angiosperm, a specialized shoot with up to four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction

Question 7

Sepals

Answer 7

A modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protects a flower bud before it opens

Question 8

Petals

Answer 8

A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators

Question 9

Stamen

Answer 9

The pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament

Question 10

Filament

Answer 10

In an angiosperm, the stalk portion of the stamen

Question 11

Anther

Answer 11

The terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form

Question 12

Carpels

Answer 12

The ovule producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.

Question 13

Stigma

Answer 13

The sticky part of a flower’s carpel, which receives pollen grains

Question 14

Style

Answer 14

The stalk of a flower’s carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top

Question 15

Ovary

Answer 15

In flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop

Question 16

Pistil

Answer 16

A single carpel, or group of fused carpels

Question 17

Fruit

Answer 17

A mature ovary of a flower. the fruit protects dormant seeds and often functions in their dispersal

Question 18

Embryo sac

Answer 18

The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure that typically has eight haploid nuclei

Question 19

Cross-pollination

Answer 19

In angiosperms, the transfer of pollen from an anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species

Question 20

Micropyle

Answer 20

A pore in the integumentary of an ovule

Question 21

Double fertilization

Answer 21

A mechanism in fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte to form the zygote and endosperm

Question 22

Cotyledon

Answer 22

A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have one and other have two

Question 23

Endosperm

Answer 23

In angiosperms, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization. The endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds

Question 24

Monocots

Answer 24

A member of a clade consisting of flowering plants that have one embryonic seed leaf or cotyledon

Question 25

Dicots

Answer 25

Flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons. Recent molecular evidence indicates that dicots do not form a clade; species once classified as dicots are now grouped into eudicots, magnoliids, and several lineages of basal angiosperms

Question 26

Eudicots

Answer 26

A member of a clade that contains the vast majority of flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves or cotyledons

Question 27

Basal Angiosperm

Answer 27

A member of one of three clades of early-diverging lineages of extant flowering plants

Question 28

Magnoliids

Answer 28

A member of the angiosperm clade that is most closely related to the combined eudicots and monocot clades