Chapter 29: Plant Diversity - How Plants Colonized Land

Question 1

Sporopollenin

Answer 1

A durable polymer that covers exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out

Question 2

Vascular Tissue

Answer 2

Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body

Question 3

Vascular plant

Answer 3

A plant with vascular tissue. Vascular plants include all living plant species except liverworts, mosses, and hornworts

Question 4

Bryophytes

Answer 4

An informal name for moss, liverwort, or hornwort;

A non vascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants

Question 5

Seedless Vascular Plant

Answer 5

An informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks seeds. They form a paraphyletic group that includes lycophytes and monilophytes

Question 6

Seed

Answer 6

An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat

Question 7

Gymnosperm

Answer 7

A vascular plant that bears naked seeds, which are not enclosed in protective chambers

Question 8

Angiosperm

Answer 8

A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary

Question 9

Liverworts

Answer 9

A small, herbaceous, nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum hepatophyta

Question 10

Mosses

Answer 10

A small herbaceous, nonvascular plant

Question 11

Protonema

Answer 11

A mass of green, branched, one cell thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores

Question 12

Rhizoid

Answer 12

A long, tubular single cell or filament of cells that anchors bryophytes to the ground. Unlike roots, rhizoids are not composed of tissues, lack specialized conducting cells, and do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorption.

Question 13

Gametangium

Answer 13

Multicellular plant structures in which gametes are formed. Female gametangia are called archegonia and mole gametangia are called antheridia

Question 14

Archegonium

Answer 14

In plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop

Question 15

Antheridium

Answer 15

In plants, The male gametangium, a moist chamber in which the gametes develop

Question 16

Bryophyte Sporophyte foot

Answer 16

The portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells.

Question 17

Bryophyte sporophyte seat

Answer 17

The elongated stalk of a Bryophyte sporophyte

Question 18

Bryophyte sporophyte Peristome

Answer 18

A ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures on the upper part of a moss capsule, often specialized for gradual spore discharge

Question 19

Bryophyte sporophyte Peat

Answer 19

Extensive deposits of partially decayed organic material often formed primarily from the wetland moss

Question 20

Xylem

Answer 20

Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant

Question 21

Tracheid

Answer 21

A long, tapered water-conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants. Functioning tracheids are no longer living

Question 22

Lignin

Answer 22

A strong polymer embedded in the cellulose matrix of the secondary cell walls of vascular plants that provides structural support in terrestrial species

Question 23

Phloem

Answer 23

Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant

Question 24

Leaves

Answer 24

The main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants

Question 25

Microphyll

Answer 25

A small, usually spine-shaped lead supported by a single strand of vascular tissue, found only in lycophytes

Question 26

Megaphyll

Answer 26

A lead with a highly branched vascular system, found in almost all vascular plants other than lycophytes

Question 27

Sporophylls

Answer 27

A modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction

Question 28

Sori

Answer 28

A cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll. Sori may be arranged in various patterns such as parallel lines or dots, which are useful in identification

Question 29

Strobili

Answer 29

The technical term for a cluster of sporophylls known commonly as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants

Question 30

Homosporous

Answer 30

Referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte

Question 31

Heterosporous

Answer 31

Referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores; Microspores, which develop into male gametophytes, and megaspore, which develop into female gametophytes

Question 32

Megaspore

Answer 32

A spore from heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte

Question 33

Microspore

Answer 33

A spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte

Question 34

Cuticle

Answer 34

Any variety of rough but flexible, non mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, which provide protection

Question 35

Stomata

Answer 35

A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant