Chapter 28: Protists

Question 1

Endosymbiosis

Answer 1

A relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cell or cells of another organism

Question 2

Secondary Endosymbiosis

Answer 2

a process in eukaryotic evolution in which a heterotrophic eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell, which survived in a symbiotic relationship inside the heterotrophic cell

Question 3

Plastid Evolution

Answer 3

Mitochondria are descended from a bacterium that was engulfed by a host cell that was an archaean
A lineage of heterotrophic eukaryoties acquired an additional endosymbiont, a photosynthetic Cyanobacterium, that then evolved into plastids.

Question 4

Unikonta

Answer 4

One of four supergroups of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes. This clade, which is supported by studies of myosin proteins and DNA, consists of amoebozoans and opisthokonts

Question 5

Amoebozoans

Answer 5

A protist in a clade that include many species with lobe- or tube- shaped pseudopodia

Slime molds
- mitotic division that is not followed by cytokinesis.

Question 6

Opisthokonts

Answer 6

A member of an extremely diverse clade of eukaryotes that includes fungi, animals, and several closely related groups of protists.

Question 7

Symbiotic Protists

Answer 7

Wood digesting protists that inhabit the gut of many termite species
- unaided termites cannot digest wood. They rely on Protestant or prokaryotic symbionts to do so.

Question 8

Photosynthetic protists

Answer 8

Protists are important producers and serve as the base of the ecological food web.

In aquatic communities, the main producers are photosynthetic protists and prokaryotes.