Chapter 31: Fungi Flashcards
Yeasts
Single-celled fungus. Yeasts reproduce asexually by binary fission or by pinching of mall buds off of a parent cell. Many fungal species can grow both as yeasts and as a network of filaments; relatively few species grow as only yeast.
Hypha
One of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of fungus
Chitin
A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all Arthropods
Septum
One of the cross-walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells. Septa generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell
Coenocytic Fungus
A fungus that lacks septa and hence whose body is made up of a continuous cytoplasmic mass that may contain hundred or thousands of nuclei
Arbuscules
Specialized branching hyphae that are found in some mutualistic fungi and exchange nutrients with living plant cells
Mycorrhiza
A mutualistic associated of plant roots and fungus
Ectomycorrhizal fungus
A symbiotic fungus that forms sheets of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and also grows into extracellular spaces of the root Cortex
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus
A symbiotic fungus who’s hyphae grow through the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell
Pheromone
In animals and fungi, a small molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species. In animals, it acts much like a hormone in influencing physiology and behavior
Plasmogamy
In fungi, the fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals; occurs as one stage of sexual reproduction, followed later by karyogamy
Heterokaryon
A fungal mycelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell
Dikaryotic
Referring to a fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent
Karyogamy
In fungi, the fusion of haploid nuclei contributed by the two parents; occurs as one stage of sexual reproduction, preceded by plasmogamy
Molds
Informal term for a fungus that grows as a filament out fungus, producing haploid spores by mitosis and forming a visible mycelium
Deuteromycete
Traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage
Opisthokonts
A member of a clade of eukaryotes that includes fungi, animals, and several closely related group of protists
Nucleariids
A member of a group of unicellular amoeboid protists that are more closely related to fungi than they are to other protists
Cryptomycetes
Unicellular fungi that have flagellated spores
Basal fungal lineage
Microsporidian
Unicellular parasites of protists and animals
Basal fungal lineage
Chytrid
Mostly aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores that represent an early-diverging fungal lineage
Zoospores
Flagellated spore found in chytrid fungi and some protists
Zoopagomycete
Multicellular parasites or commensalism symbionts of animals
Sexual reproduction, where know, involved a formation of a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium
Mucoromycetes
Characterized by the formation of a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium during sexual reproduction
