Chapter 9 ; Cellular Respiration Flashcards
2 Ways to regenerate ATP
1) Fermentation 2) Cellular Respiration
During CR…
gluclose is broken down
ACR is a ________ reaction
catabolic exergonic reaction
CR Equation
C6H1206 + 6O2 —-> 6H20 + 6CO2 + 686 kcals
CR equation kcals amount
686
CR equation is a ___ reaction because
redox reaction, glucose is oxidized, oxygen is REDUCED
Energy is released as ____
electrons stripped from glucose
Fermentation
older aneoribic process, no oxygen
2 forms of fermentation
Alcohol and Lactic Acid fermentation
Alcohol fermentation: _____ and _____
bacteria and yeast
_____,____ and _____ are produced this way
wine, bread and alcoholic fermentation
GLYCOLYSIS
sugar splitting
Alc ferm explained
Gluclose goes through glycolysis , which gives out byproducts of 2 pyruvates
Alc Ferm byproducts
2 Pyruvates = 2 Ethanols = 2 CO2 , 2ATP
Lactic Acid fermentation includes
fungi, bacteria, muscles, livers, dairy, cheese
Lactic Acid explained
Gluclose –> Glycolyis–> 2 pyruvate (…)
Lactic Acid byproduct
2 pyruvates = 2 Lactates and 2 ATP
Both fermentations make
2ATP
One makes ___ other makes ____
Lactates, 2CO2 and ethanols
Obligate Anarobes + ex
live in absence of oxyegn, clostridum tetani
Facultative Anaerobes
can live with or without oxyegn, ex: yeast
___ is the spot for cellular respiration
mitochindria, EXCEPT GLYCOLYSIS
Steps and placement
Glycolysis outside, krebs/ citric acid cyle inside, ETC inside
Subtrate level phosphoration
enzyme takes a phosphorus from a diff compound, turns ADP –> ATP
NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleoid ( Niacin)
NAD+ is a
coenzyme electron ACCEPTOR
NAD+ accepts_____ w help from
2E’s + 2H help from ( dehydrogenase)
NAD+ is now reduced to _____
NADH
NADH is a electron
CARRIER
NAD+ vs NADH
acceptor vs carrier
NADH carries
2E’s and 1H
from NADH, electrons transported via _____ , on _____ of ________
ETC, CRISTAE, Mitochondria
_3__ views of ETC :
1) cool burn process 2) each lebel can be named / identified 3) oxidative phosphorlation
cool burn process explained
AS E goes down, it loses more and more energy because the electronegativity increases. Oxygen waits at the bottom as it is extremely electronegative. The energy that is slowly lost is used for ATP
2nd View explained
each level can be named/identified such as Q, Co Q10, and Ubiquinane.
Supplement Q10
Assists ETC for E to be passed down
What goes to the bottom?
2H ( 2 electrons are stripped) plus oxy at bottom
3rd View; Oxidative Phosphorylation
ATP regenrated from ADP
3RD View explained
1) NADH and FADH2 ( electron carries), deliver their electrons to ETC
2) Energy is released as electrons fall down.
3) ETC is used to pump H+ ions from matrix to intermembrance space
4) As H+ conc builds, they DIFFUSE back the inner membrane by the way of ATP Synthase
5)ADP is phosporlzed to ATP
ATP synthase is needed to help H+ ions diffuse over because
inner is hydrphobic
ATP synthase works with
proton motor force
The diffusion of H+ ions is called
chemoismosis
OX PHOS formula
Chemoismosis + ETC
ATP functions as a
motor, roter, rod, catalytic knob
Glycolysis begins with
gluclose
glyclosys has ___ steps
10
Subtrate level phos creates
2 pyruvates = 2ATP + NADH’S
pYRUVATE OXIDATION
2 molceules enter mitochondria via active transport
Pyruvates once inside Mito are oxidized to
Acetyl Coenzyme A
After Acetyl Co. A is made
2 Co2 are released + 2 NADH’S are produced, electrons to ETC
_____ catalyzes reactions
dehyrogenase
Acetyl Coenzyme A nowen
ters citric cycle
crebs cycle amount of steps and turns
8 steps, 2 turns per glu molecule
Yields per gluclose:
2 ATP’S, 2 NADH’S, 2FADHS’ 4 Co2’s
