Chapter 13- Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Hereditary

Answer 1

transmission of traits

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

the study of hereditary

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

the units of inheritance

Question 4

somatic cells number

Answer 4

37 trillion

Question 5

somatic vs gametes

Answer 5

except sex cells, sex cells

Question 6

Locus ( Loci)

Answer 6

lOCATION OF GENES on a chromosome

Question 7

Asexual repdocution mate needed?

Answer 7

NO

Question 8

Asexual reproduction traits (3) think bacteria !

Answer 8

fast, high number of off spring, good in constant environment,

Question 9

Sexual reproduction provides

Answer 9

genetic variability which leads to a broader gene pool

Question 10

life cycle of human

Answer 10

25 years

Question 11

Karyotype

Answer 11

artificial construct showing all 46 chromosomes and their sizes, shape, patterns etc

Question 12

__ pairs of autosomes

Answer 12

22 pairs ( 44 chromosomes)

Question 13

2 sex chromosomes either..

Answer 13

XX or XY

Question 14

Diploid

Answer 14

46 and 2n

Question 15

Haploid (half)

Answer 15

23, 1n

Question 16

a karyotype can be used as a ____

Answer 16

diagnostic tool

Question 17

an unfertlized egg =

Answer 17

X

Question 18

sperm can be either

Answer 18

X or Y

Question 19

Meiosis definition

Answer 19

reductional division of chromosomes in parent cell in half to produce 4 GAMETE cells

Question 20

Meiosis consists of

Answer 20

Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2

Question 21

Meiosis acronym for 1 and 2

Answer 21

PMAT1, then PMAT2

Question 22

Meiosis 1 def

Answer 22

homologous ( same ) chromosomes separate

Question 23

Meiosis 2 def

Answer 23

sister chromatids split

Question 24

stem cells

Answer 24

any cells

Question 25

germ cells

Answer 25

becomes egg + sperm cell; becomes repdouctive

Question 26

Prophase 1 (M1)

Answer 26

duplicated homologus chromosomes pair up and exchange segment fibers ( CROSSING OVER)

Question 27

Metaphase 1

Answer 27

homologus chromosome pairs line up along equator

Independent assortment happens

Question 28

Anaphase 1

Answer 28

seperaton of homologus chromosomes, move to opposoite poles of cells

each side pulls a “ bit of the other” as it pulls away

Question 29

Telophase 1

Answer 29

cleavage burrow forms

2 haploid cells form

2 sister chromatids remain

Question 30

Meiosis 2 is needed because

Answer 30

it splits the remaining 2 sister chromatids in half to make 4, hence 4 daughter cells at end

Question 31

Prophase 2

Answer 31

chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form

Question 32

Metaphase 2

Answer 32

chromosomes positioned at equator ( sideways)

Question 33

___ trillion zygotes

Answer 33

70

Question 34

Anaphase 2

Answer 34

The chromatids split at the centromere and migrate along the spindle fibers to opposite poles.

Question 35

Telophase 2

Answer 35

where the separated chromatids reach the opposite poles of the cell, and nuclear membranes re-form around each set of chromosomes.

Question 36

__ stages of variability in sexual reproduction, and what are they

Answer 36

4

1) crossing over
2) indepedent assortment
3) random mating
4) random fertilization

Question 37

Independent assortment allows for…

Answer 37

8.3M chrosoome combinations

Question 38

mutation

Answer 38

only new source of new/novel genes

Question 39

sexuaal reproduction shuffles what ( figuratively)

Answer 39

shuffles our deck of 52 cards, recombining and distributing them to the population.